N-acetylcysteine (NAC)
NAC replenishes intracellular glutathione, which is lower as we age.
NAC also appears to help prevent & treat COPD, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), cystic fibrosis (CF), emphysema, bronchitis, lower respiratory infections like the flu by stopping the virus & the inflammation, etc, especially as an inhalant.
NAC appears to help against stomach ulcers, liver failure, & acetaminophen toxicity.
NAC appears to improve workout recovery & insulin sensitivity.
NAC appears to prevent & treat cancer at multiple stages in multiple ways.
Studies on COPD used 2.8 grams per day safely & effectively.
Mental health & NAC
NAC is an amino acid that appears to help schizophrenia, autism, Alzheimer’s, cocaine and cannabis addiction, bipolar disorder, depression, trichotillomania, nail biting, skin picking, obsessive-compulsive disorder, drug-induced neuropathy and progressive myoclonic epilepsy.
Lee T-M, Lee K-M, Lee C-Y, Lee H-C, Tam K-W, Loh E-W. Effectiveness of N-acetylcysteine in autism spectrum disorders: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry. 2021;55(2):196-206. doi:10.1177/0004867420952540
journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0004867420952540?journalCode=anpa
Biol Psychiatry. 2008 Sep 1;64(5):361-8. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.03.004. Epub 2008 Apr 23.
N-acetyl cysteine as a glutathione precursor for schizophrenia–a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
Berk M, Copolov D, Dean O, Lu K, Jeavons S, Schapkaitz I, Anderson-Hunt M, Judd F, Katz F, Katz P, Ording-Jespersen S, Little J, Conus P, Cuenod M, Do KQ, Bush AI
J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2011 Mar; 36(2): 78–86.
doi: 10.1503/jpn.100057
PMCID: PMC3044191
N-acetylcysteine in psychiatry: current therapeutic evidence and potential mechanisms of action
Olivia Dean et al.
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
Volume 55, August 2015, Pages 294–321
Clinical trials of N-acetylcysteine in psychiatry and neurology: A systematic review
Deepmala et al.
doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.04.015
Innov Clin Neurosci. 2011 Jan; 8(1): 10–14.
PMCID: PMC3036554
Getting a Knack for NAC
N-Acetyl-Cysteine
Randy A. Sansone and Lori A. Sansone
Depression-
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
Volume 55, August 2015, Pages 294–321
Clinical trials of N-acetylcysteine in psychiatry and neurology: A systematic review
Deepmala et al.
doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.04.015
flu nac
lifeextension.com/magazine/2010/5/N-Acetyl-Cysteine/Page-01
addiction, compulsive and grooming disorders, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder
J Psychiatry Neurosci. 2011 Mar; 36(2): 78–86.
doi: 10.1503/jpn.100057
PMCID: PMC3044191
N-acetylcysteine in psychiatry: current therapeutic evidence and potential mechanisms of action
Olivia Dean et al.
schizophrenia, bipolar disorder) as well as psychiatric syndromes characterized by impulsive/compulsive symptoms (e.g., trichotillomania, pathological nail biting, gambling, substance misuse
Innov Clin Neurosci. 2011 Jan; 8(1): 10–14.
PMCID: PMC3036554
Getting a Knack for NAC
N-Acetyl-Cysteine
Randy A. Sansone and Lori A. Sansone
Schiz epadha
Transl Psychiatry. 2015 Jan 13;5:e495. doi: 10.1038/tp.2014.134.
Predictors of treatment response in young people at ultra-high risk for psychosis who received long-chain omega-3 fatty acids.
Amminger GP et al.
BMC Psychiatry. 2010 May 26;10:38. doi: 10.1186/1471-244X-10-38.
Dietary intake of fish, omega-3, omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin D and the prevalence of psychotic-like symptoms in a cohort of 33,000 women from the general population.
Hedelin M, Löf M, Olsson M, Lewander T, Nilsson B, Hultman CM, Weiderpass E.
Schizophr Res. 2003 Aug 1;62(3):195-204.
Supplementation with a combination of omega-3 fatty acids and antioxidants (vitamins E and C) improves the outcome of schizophrenia.
Arvindakshan M1, Ghate M, Ranjekar PK, Evans DR, Mahadik SP
Mol Psychiatry. 2014 Mar;19(3):317-24. doi: 10.1038/mp.2013.7. Epub 2013 Mar 12.
Omega-3 fatty acid supplementation changes intracellular phospholipase A2 activity and membrane fatty acid profiles in individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis.
Smesny S et al.
Early Interv Psychiatry. 2014 Aug;8(3):199-208. doi: 10.1111/eip.12151. Epub 2014 May 27.
Polyunsaturated fatty acids in emerging psychosis: a safer alternative?
Schlögelhofer M1, Amminger GP, Schaefer MR, Fusar-Poli P, Smesny S, McGorry P, Berger G, Mossaheb N.
Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids for indicated prevention of psychotic disorders: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
Amminger GP, Schäfer MR, Papageorgiou K, Klier CM, Cotton SM, Harrigan SM, Mackinnon A, McGorry PD, Berger GE
Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2010 Feb; 67(2):146-54.
Decreased antioxidant enzymes and membrane essential polyunsaturated fatty acids in schizophrenic and bipolar mood disorder patients.
Ranjekar PK, Hinge A, Hegde MV, Ghate M, Kale A, Sitasawad S, Wagh UV, Debsikdar VB, Mahadik SP
Psychiatry Res. 2003 Dec 1; 121(2):109-22.
Hamazaki K, Hamazaki T, Inadera H. Abnormalities in the fatty acid composition of the postmortem entorhinal cortex of patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder. Psychiatry Res. 2013;210:346–350. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2013.05.006
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2001 Apr;25(3):463-93.
Oxidative stress and role of antioxidant and omega-3 essential fatty acid supplementation in schizophrenia.
Mahadik SP, Evans D, Lal H.
Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2007 Oct 1;31(7):1493-9. Epub 2007 Jul 13.
The impact of omega-3 fatty acids, vitamins E and C supplementation on treatment outcome and side effects in schizophrenia patients treated with haloperidol: an open-label pilot study.
Sivrioglu EY1, Kirli S, Sipahioglu D, Gursoy B, Sarandöl E.
gluten schiz
Dickerson F, Stallings C, Origoni A, et al. Markers of gluten sensitivity and celiac disease in recent-onset psychosis and multi-episode schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry. 2010;68(1):100-104.
Dickerson F, Stallings C, Origoni A, et al. Markers of gluten sensitivity and celiac disease in bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord. 2011;13(1):52-58.
Dickerson F, Stallings C, Origoni A, et al. Elevated serum levels of C-reactive protein are associated with mania symptoms in outpatients with bipolar disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2007;31(4):952-955.
A Study of Circulating Gliadin Antibodies in Schizophrenia Among a Chinese Population
Shun-Zi Jin et al.
Schizophr Bull. 2012 May; 38(3): 514–518.
Published online 2010 Sep 30. doi: 10.1093/schbul/sbq111
Psychiatr Q. 2012 Mar; 83(1): 91–102.
doi: 10.1007/s11126-011-9186-y
Neurologic and Psychiatric Manifestations of Celiac Disease and Gluten Sensitivity
Jessica R. Jackson
vitamin schiz
CNS Drugs. 2014 Jul;28(7):611-22. doi: 10.1007/s40263-014-0172-4.
Vitamin supplementation in the treatment of schizophrenia.
Brown HE1, Roffman JL.
Author information
Abstract
This article reviews the current literature addressing the treatment of schizophrenia with vitamin supplementation. It describes the important roles that vitamins play in normal metabolism, and reviews the evidence pertaining to vitamin deficiency and supplementation in patients with schizophrenia. There is mounting evidence suggesting that vitamin supplementation, in particular with folic acid, vitamin B12 and vitamin D,
ala
bp
arteries
Acute Effects of High-Fat Meals Enriched With Walnuts or Olive Oil on Postprandial Endothelial Function
Berenice Cortés, BS?,†; Isabel Núñez, MD‡; Montserrat Cofán, PhD†; Rosa Gilabert, MD, PhD‡; Ana Pérez-Heras, RD†; Elena Casals, MD, PhD§; Ramón Deulofeu, PhD§; Emilio Ros, MD, PhD†
[+] Author Information
J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;48(8):1666-1671. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2006.06.057
EPA & DHA prostate
Clin Cancer Res. 2009 Apr 1;15(7):2559-66. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-08-2503. Epub 2009 Mar 24.
Dietary omega-3 fatty acids, cyclooxygenase-2 genetic variation, and aggressive prostate cancer risk.
Fradet V, Cheng I, Casey G, Witte JS.
JAMA. 2007 Sep 26;298(12):1420-8.
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid intake and islet autoimmunity in children at increased risk for type 1 diabetes.
Norris JM, Yin X, Lamb MM, Barriga K, Seifert J, Hoffman M, Orton HD, Barón AE, Clare-Salzler M, Chase HP, Szabo NJ, Erlich H, Eisenbarth GS, Rewers M.
kidneys in type I & EPA DHA
Dietary intake of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and diabetic nephropathy – cohort analysis of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT)
Cheetin C Lee et al.
Diabetes Care. 2010 Jul; 33(7): 1454–1456.
Published online 2010 Mar 31. doi: 10.2337/dc09-2245
type2
Fish-oil supplement has neutral effects on vascular and metabolic function but improves renal function in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus
C.-Y. Wong et al.
DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2009.02869.x
Diabetic Medicine Volume 27, Issue 1, pages 54–60, January 2010
epadah homocysteine
Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2010 Jun;20(5):326-31. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2009.04.002. Epub 2009 Jun 21.
The efficacy of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on plasma homocysteine and malondialdehyde levels of type 2 diabetic patients.
Pooya Sh, Jalali MD, Jazayery AD, Saedisomeolia A, Eshraghian MR, Toorang F.
epadha heart attacks
Leaf A. Prevention of sudden cardiac death by n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. J Cardiovasc Med. (Hagerstown). 2007; 8 Suppl 1:S27-29.
less heart attack, stroke, sudden cardiac death 50% less
Dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E after myocardial infarction: results of the GISSI-Prevenzione trial. Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell’Infarto miocardico. Lancet. 1999; 354:447-55.
Yokoyama M, Origasa H, Matsuzaki M, et al. Effects of eicosapentaenoic acid on major coronary events in hypercholesterolaemic patients (JELIS): a randomised open-label, blinded endpoint analysis. Lancet. 2007; 369:1090-98.
Curr Drug Discov Technol. 2013 Sep;10(3):233-44.
Long-chain omega-3 fatty acid deficiency in mood disorders: rationale for treatment and prevention.
McNamara RK
dha parkinsons
The FASEB Journal • Research Communication
Beneficial effects of dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated
fatty acid on toxin-induced neuronal degeneration in
an animal model of Parkinson’s disease
- Bousquet et al.
The FASEB Journal Vol. 22 April 2008 pp. 1213-1225
vit d3 type I diabetes
Arch Dis Child. 2008 Jun;93(6):512-7. doi: 10.1136/adc.2007.128579. Epub 2008 Mar 13.
Vitamin D supplementation in early childhood and risk of type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Zipitis CS, Akobeng AK.
zinc increased in depression
Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1990 Dec;82(6):451-3.
Zinc in depressive disorder.
McLoughlin IJ, Hodge JS.
Author information
Abstract
Plasma zinc levels were measured in 14 patients with primary affective disorder on admission to hospital; they were compared with plasma zinc levels in group of 14 age- and sex-matched controls. A significant difference in zinc levels was found between the 2 groups. Plasma zinc levels of 9 of the depressed patients on admission to hospital and at the point of discharge were compared; a significant increase in zinc levels was detected.
zinc suppl reduced depression
J Affect Disord. 2012 Jan;136(1-2):e31-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2011.06.022. Epub 2011 Jul 27.
The efficacy of zinc supplementation in depression: systematic review of randomised controlled trials.
Lai J, Moxey A, Nowak G, Vashum K, Bailey K, McEvoy M
“These nutrients include ω3 fatty acids, antioxidants (vitamin C and zinc), members of the vitamin B family (Vitamin B12 and folic acid) and magnesium. Accumulating data have shown that these nutrients can enhance neurocognitive function, and may have therapeutic benefits for depression and suicidal behaviors. A growing body of studies suggests the intriguing possibility that regular consumption of these nutrients may help prevent the onset of mood disorders and suicidal behaviors in vulnerable individuals, or significantly augment the therapeutic effect of available antidepressants”
The Role of Nutrients in Protecting Mitochondrial Function and Neurotransmitter Signaling: Implications for the Treatment of Depression, PTSD, and Suicidal Behaviors.
Du J, Zhu M, Bao H, Li B, Dong Y, Xiao C, Zhang GY, Henter I, Rudorfer M, Vitiello B.
Bipolar” “St Marks 1st&3rd Thur 7p Val 2-7164 9-1551”
Pre/postnatal herpes, T.gondii
psychodynamic transference focus
splitting
past affecting present
view self & others
good for suicidal & aggress
” “
schema focused 2yrs
abandoned/abused
angry/impulsive
detached protector
puntive parent
guided imagery
assertiveness, role play
2X better than transerence in a 2Xweekly 3yr study
dialectical behavior therapy
prob solve, mindful medit, muscle relax, breath train
good for suicidal
low dose
NAC- n-acetyl cysteine
/\glutathhione
online cog same as reg
weekly email, forum w/other people depr
6online lessons, weekly homework
over65 SSRIs ^ death vs tricyclics
” “
lithium effect 2/3rds
bipolar 20X /\ suicides, w/lithium only10X
.6-.8mmol/L safer longterm 4 kidney/renal
quick stop severe risk of mania/depression&suicide
valproate(Depakote)
carbamazepine(Tegretol)
lamotrigene(Lamictal)
“ “
same sleep start & end daily controls bipolar
acute mania antipsych ^ mood stabilizers
best combo effective & tolarable in order- risperidone, olanzapine, haloperidol, quetiapine, carbamazepine
“ “
life review Tx
older & extrovert ^ review of past & narrative Tx
^heart attacks & strokes
celexa QT prolong
“ “
antiepilept drugs no incr suicide
Iran
TMS not as effective as bilateral ECT
fast
inj scopolamine
ketamine
“ “
tDCS \/ depres no seiz or mem loss
leucine, valine, & isoleucine help thinking in people w/bipolar
modafinil helps bipolar not unipolar depr
theanine/gaba/valerian
dbt for bipolar
bipolar school later
brief motiv interv for bioolar med compliance
choline helps lithium
acetyl l carnitine great research depr & bipolar?
kale activating?
NAC Acetylcysteine & inositol & choline & modafinil & vitB100s help bipolar?
avoid bpa
