Use this as an aide to your own research and share with your doctor as appropriate.
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You can use drugs.com or other trusted health websites to look up the latest information on prescription drugs, herbs, foods or other treatments possible side & interaction effects.
What have I found & researched that has worked for me & that I would do:
Alzheimer’s, other dementias, Lewy Body Dementia (LBW), Parkinson’s, Huntington’s
Alzheimers and dementia (& most relevant also to Parkinson’s, LBW, Huntington’s)
What may help to avoid all of these degenerative brain disorders (in order presented below):
Nonorganic foods- mercury & lead are routinely added in processing of a very large number of foods, & glyphosate/Roundup or paraquat or diquat is sprayed on most nonorganic foods- they all appear to increase Parkinson’s. Thats only a few of hundreds of mentally, emotionally & physically disabling toxins added to nonorganic food.
Aluminum-also autoimmune
Chili peppers (one study)
Flouride- brain damage, EU labels 10pt drop in kids scores, 64 of 72 studies
Calcium supplementation-also increased mortality
Anticholinergic medications- also delirium, increased mortality (early death)
Vitamins E, B, A deficiency
High sugar diet- alternative is ketogenic diet, raw organic local honey, molasses, maple syrup, noncaloric allulose, organic stevia, monk fruit
Cooking with polyunsaturated fats- instead only organic unrefined coconut or grassfed butter/ghee/lard
Alcohol
Stress
Sleep- less than 5.5 hours or more than 9 hours, apnea (snoring can signal), fewer dreams (REM)
content.iospress.com/articles/journal-of-alzheimers-disease/jad150026
dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awab272
dx.doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000003732
dx.doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000004373
dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa195
spring.org.uk
What may help to do/take (as many as possible)-
The three things that have worked to reverse Alzheimer’s symptoms-
If people have type 2 diabetes & Alzheimer’s, Dr Dale Bresden & thousands of doctors since have found that putting the person on a diabetic diet (ketogenic, carnivore or lion diet) & exercise with lithium orotate/chloride & tumeric w/black pepper or ginger have reversed symptoms. 600mg or more of alpha lipoic acid on wakeup & with every meal has also done it by itself.
Infrared red light (100-150W) incandescent or halogen (less than $10) on front & back of head for 2 min, then two hours later both sides of head, alternating every two hours. The expensive laser (up the nostrils) version was used in studies, & the duration & intervals may be different.
40Hz binaural using speakers or headphones in/by both ears or isochronic by speakers only (no need both ears) for as long as possible, also watching 40hz visual flicker (like on youtube). The sound also improves mood, concentration, calmness, creativity & emotional insight. Some do it 24 hours. For people who have digital hearing aids who may not get as much benefit in the daytime, they play the sound at night when hearing aids are out.
Practices that increase neural growth-
Exercise w/high intensity right before or after a meal or piece fruit
Sex
Meditation/yoga/Tai chai
New learning
Raise bedposts at head of bed 1 inch at a time (weekly on evening before a day off) until six inches higher with one inch stackable bed risers
Sleeping 7-9 hours a night in complete darkness or only with a red light, amber night vision sunglasses, using only a red light or red flashlight when getting up in the middle of night w/pink noise app (23% deeper sleep) & if needed to deepen sleep- magnesium glycinate 500mg, CBD oil, vitB8 inositol 500mg, amino acids gaba 500mg, theanine 200mg, chamomille, valerian, kava, lemongrass.
Taking short naps when stressed/tired/sick
Foods/Diet-
Ketogenic diet/carnivore diet/lion diet
Iorinse iodine- 500x stronger than Betadine/povidine, 500 ppm concentrate $20, 5 drops on toothbrush & brush gums then teeth
12-18 hour fasting, if not taking alpha lipoic acid (finish eating dinner three hours before bedtime & eat breakfast at least 12 hours after last food/meal, every extra hour better)
Older wheats like organic spelt or triticale in place of ten times more inflammatory modern wheat
Raw organic milk (no homogenization) or cheeses- A2 protein best
1/16 ts (1/4 of 1/4 ts) of niacinamide (B3) three times a day or until feel strong increase in physical, mental, emotional energy, or C60 until same, or methylene blue
Alpha lipoic acid 600mg or more on wakeup & with/after every meal increases neural growth & is especially singularly effective if type 2 diabetes & Alzheimer’s (if higher than 3000mg a day people take a vitamin B7 biotin daily in between doses or a B complex)
Ceylon cinnamon, ginger, berberine, and/or hibiscus tea before meals (especially if not taking alpha lipoic acid)
1/2 ts baking soda 2x/day w/water on empty stomach (also inflammation/autoimmune, bacterial infections, cancer, endurance, eyesight & diseases, kidney recovery
Drinking ½ glass of water before every meal or snack
Eating more organic & fermented vegetables & fruits if not sensitive
Probiotic with last meal of the day
Taking spirulina with a vegetable
Taking turmeric & black pepper &/or astaxanthin for anti-inflammatory, painkilling.
https://www.eatthis.com/foods-prevent-alzheimers/
Hot peppers other than chillis
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33443937/
Adding a little apple cider vinegar or red wine vinegar (has resveratrol) or sauerkrautt to all meals with vegetables (including cooked).
Cook with organic coconut oil (some have no taste) that helps up to 6% of people with dementia, or grassfed butter/ghee or with no oil and after food is cool add organic extra virgin olive oil (from one country only) or organic avocado or olives (not CA black) appears to prevents Alzheimer’s & avoids deadly formaldehyde from heating polyunsatured fats (especially corn & soy “vegetable” oils).
Organic freshly ground or frozen after grinding flaxseed meal added before serving
Blueberries
Organic nonalkalized/nonDutch cocoa or Baker’s brand baker’s chocolate (unsweetened) with stevia/allulose/monk fruit/honey or dark chocolate bars (75% cocoa or more, no milk)
Lion’s mane mushroom
Walnuts
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32093220/
Devices-
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) with positive sponge halfway at outer half of left eyebrow at the hairline and negative sponge on right shoulder/under arm/under belt or TMS
Near infrared therapy with NIR-A 250watt bulb 12 minutes inches away shining on forehead
Focused therapeutic ultrasound
Bioidentical low dose hormone replacement therapy (progesterone at first symptoms, dose started low & increased until symptoms subside) for peri/menopausal women
Medications-
Selegiline under the tongue (not swallowed to avoid food tyromine interactions)
Supplements-
Lithium orotate or aspartate 5-20mg (prevents Alzheimer’s, 1/100 the dose of prescripton lithium carbonate, brings back brain volume, brain cells)
DLPA phenylalanine, L-tyrosine, mucuna dopa, prescription selegiline under tongue (no swallow) to prevent tyramine food side effects, also helps stop age related dopamine loss causing shuffle when older\
Anti-inflammatories-
Alpha lipoic acid has reversed diabetic Alzheimer’s at 600mg or more at wakeup & before every meal, people take before meal if blood sugar high, if low then right after meal
Also for blood sugar: berberine 500mg 2x a day
Alternatives- turmeric (with a little black pepper), ginger (before meals), astaxanthin (with a meal- fat soluble), boswellia, bromelain, papain
Omega3 fatty acids EPA & DHA in spirulina taken with a vegetable
Vitamin D3 1.25mg/50K IU daily by shot or absorption under tongue (head tipped cheek pointed to ground), or take orally with a meal with fat if oil is not in capsule daily with 200-500mg of vitamin K2 or natto or cup of dark leafy greens if calcium rises.
Lecithin liposomal vitC
Black elderberry products for 3 months to kill bacterial or viral infection that may be cause
Green leaf stevia 3x per day (tastes best in vegetable meals) or in capsule
Vitamin B100s sustained release cut in half every other day after breakfast with methylcobalamin as vitB12, methyl forms of B vitamins may be best
Magnesium theonate
Zinc
Caffeine
Ginkgo biloba
Probiotics- 10 different strains with last meal of the day
Mixed vitamin E supplement
Acetyl L- Carnitine
(especially if any heart or energy problems)
Ubiquinol (coQ10)
D-ribose
Hawthorne berry
Taking adaptogens when stressed, tired or sick- ashwaganda, rhodiola, Asian ginseng, eleuthero (Siberian ginseng), American ginseng, Asian/Chinese/Korean ginseng (Panax), maca, suma, schisandra, rhaponticum, jiaogulan, aralia mandshurica elata/spikenard root, &/or Holy Basil (Tulsi). A “ginseng mix” is often more effective than any one adaptogen alone.
Fisetin
Bacopa
Huperzine
Green tea extract (EGCG)
Paper & pen test for Alzheimer’s (printable)
https://wexnermedical.osu.edu/brain-spine-neuro/memory-disorders/sage
What diseases have been associated with Alzheimer’s
Type 2 diabetes, periodontitis, & herpes simplex I (HSV1) have been associated with Alzheimer’s disease. I have seen HSV treated very quickly with lysine capsules, topical lysine paste, and liposomal vitamin C capsules, wafers, or liquid. Periodontitus is treatable by brushing, flossing, & dental care. Type 2 diabetes is controllable with metformin (as your doctor prescribes),
Is Alzheimer’s an Infectious Disease? June 7, 2016 by Chris Kresser
Judith Miklossy1 and Patrick L. McGeer2
What may help to avoid:
Aluminum
Aluminum has been implicated in contributing to Alzheimer’s disease. Aluminum is in many vaccines, and in higher amounts in multivaccines. Many foods & drinks are in aluminum cans (acid leaches aluminum), much cookware is aluminum, salt may have aluminum added, and it’s in anti-perspirants (water & baking soda may be a good substitute), mouthwash, antacids, anti-diarrhea meds, toothpastes, nasal sprays, dental amalgams, cigarette filters, pesticides buffered aspirin, some dyes, bleached flours, processed cheeses, non-dairy creamers, vanilla powders, aluminum foil, baking powder, shampoos, cosmetics, lotions, and many baby formulas as the additives aluminum ammonium sulfate, aluminum calcium silicate, aluminum nicotinate, aluminum potassium sulfate, aluminum sodium sulfate, aluminum stearate, sodium aluminum phosphate and aluminum sulfate, E173, E520, E521, E523 E541, E545, E554, E555 E556, E559. Pickles can be bought that have no alum added.
Aluminum appears to be sometimes cause bone problems, muscle weakness, stunted growth, and is a neurotoxin and may trigger sometimes lifelong autoimmune and/or neurological disorders.
Aluminium content of selected foods and food products
Thorsten Stahl, Hasan Taschan and Hubertus Brunn
Environmental Sciences Europe
Bridging Science and Regulation at the Regional and European Level201123:37
https://doi.org/10.1186/2190-4715-23-37
http://www.naturalnews.com/033431_aluminum_personal_care_products.html
http://www.livestrong.com/article/540321-what-foods-contain-harmful-aluminum/
H. D. Foster, “How aluminum causes Alzheimer’s disease”
Journal of Orthomolecular Medicine 15, no. 1 (2000): 21-51
This article cites over 200 studies, many directly involving aluminum & the formation of tangles in the brain, in the implication of Alzhemier’s. Flouride in combination with aluminum is especially damaging, more so if iodine intake is insufficient.
As well as avoiding the sources of aluminum above, taking supplemental magnesium appears to help, as well as calcium if low. Leafy greens like organic kale have both.
Flouride
Flouride appears to lower learning & memory in 32 of 34 animal studies and lower IQ in 43 of 50 human studies. Some studies have found a drop in IQ at levels lower than 1mg/L.
Flouride can be completely avoided in toothpaste, where it is highly concentrated and used in the mouth where the tongue & gums absorb drugs & chemicals easily. Flouride has been banned as a drinking water additive in many towns & cities, also because the form that is added is highly toxic and contaminated. Too much flouride may cause dental & skeletal flourosis, which can be painful & disabling.
Flouride & cognition
Brain damage
“Over 100 animal studies showing that prolonged exposure to varying levels of fluoride can damage the brain, particularly when coupled with an iodine deficiency, or aluminum excess;
43 human studies linking moderately high fluoride exposures with reduced intelligence;
32 animal studies reporting that mice or rats ingesting fluoride have an impaired capacity to learn and/or remember;
12 studies (7 human, 5 animal) linking fluoride with neurobehavioral deficits (e.g., impaired visual-spatial organization);
3 human studies linking fluoride exposure with impaired fetal brain development.”
Flouride added to public water supplies appears to significantly increase ADHD & hypothyroidism.
The National Research Council in 2006, the EPA in 2007, and a Team of Harvard researchers in 2012 all have come to the conclusion that flouride is a neurotoxin and reduces mental function.
Flouride causes brain damage in children, dropping IQ levels.
http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/1104912/
Environ Health Perspect; DOI:10.1289/ehp.1104912
Volume 120 | Issue 10 | October 2012
Developmental Fluoride Neurotoxicity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Anna L. Choi, 1 Guifan Sun, 2 Ying Zhang, 3 and Philippe Grandjean1, 4
Children in low iodine, low flouride areas had 31% higher scores on the Wexler intelligence tests than children in low iodine, high flouride areas in one Chinese study.
A Study of the Intellectual Ability of 8–14 Year-old Children In High Flouride, Low Iodine Areas
Dali Ren, Kecheng Li, Dawei Liu
Chinese Journal of Control of Endemic
Diseases 1989;4(4):251.]
Flouridation lowers thyroid function, increasing depression & weight gain
Are fluoride levels in drinking water associated with hypothyroidism prevalence in England? A large observational study of GP practice data and fluoride levels in drinking water
S Peckham, D Lowery, S Spencer
J Epidemiol Community Health doi:10.1136/jech-2014-204971
A comparative study of fluoride ingestion levels, serum thyroid hormone & TSH level derangements, dental fluorosis status among school children from endemic and non-endemic fluorosis areas
Navneet Singh,corresponding author Kanika Gupta Verma,corresponding author Pradhuman Verma,corresponding author Gagandeep Kaur Sidhu,corresponding author and Suresh Sachdevacorresponding author
Springerplus. 2014; 3: 7.
doi: 10.1186/2193-1801-3-7
PMCID: PMC3890436
http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2015/03/10/water-fluoridation-thyroid-dysfunction.aspx?e_cid=20150322Z1_SNL_B_MV_1&utm_source=snl&utm_medium=email&utm_content=mv1&utm_campaign=20150322Z1_SNL_B&et_cid=DM72155&et_rid=884934998
Skeletal flourosis
Flouride causes dental flourosis, as well as skeletal flourosis:
Burning, prickling, and tingling in your limbs
Muscle weakness
Chronic fatigue
Gastrointestinal disorders
Reduced appetite and weight loss
The second clinical stage of skeletal fluorosis is characterized by:
Stiff joints and/or constant pain in your bones; brittle bones; and osteosclerosis
Anemia
Calcification of tendons, or ligaments of ribs and pelvis
Osteoporosis in the long bones
Bony spurs may also appear on your limb bones, especially around your knee, elbow, and on the surface of tibia and ulna
http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2015/05/12/fluoride-overdose.aspx?e_cid=20150512Z1_DNL_art_1&utm_source=dnl&utm_medium=email&utm_content=art1&utm_campaign=20150512Z1&et_cid=DM74659&et_rid=949402081
Flouride in drinking water
Tooth decay is the same in countries that don’t flouridate their water (97% of western European countries) and ones that do. Flouride in water doesn’t help prevent cavities at all, and flouride in toothpaste is in highly concentrated form that is considered dangerously toxic if swallowed in even small amounts and is absorbed easily under our toungue & through our gums. Baking soda is very effective in cleaning the teeth, and flouride free toothpastes use baking soda, neem, and other anticavity substances which aren’t neurotoxins.
Three types of water filters can lower flouride: reverse osmosis, deionizers (which use ion-exchange resins), and activated alumina.
.
http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2015/07/14/water-fluoridation-cavities.aspx?e_cid=20150726Z1_DNL_MS_1&utm_source=dnl&utm_medium=email&utm_content=ms1&utm_campaign=20150726Z1&et_cid=DM80727&et_rid=1049877314
Tooth Decay Trends in Fluoridated vs. Unfluoridated Countries
What filters stop flouride?
Zero water & Big Berkey both have been tested independently to stop flouride at nearly 99%. When I used one of them I noticed a cognitive boost.
Antipsychotics/antihallucinogens
People with Alzheimer’s who are given antipsychotics appear to have a 60% increase in early death.
Marjaana Koponen, Heidi Taipale, Piia Lavikainen, Antti Tanskanen, Jari Tiihonen, Anna-Maija Tolppanen, Riitta Ahonen, Sirpa Hartikainen. Risk of Mortality associated with Antipsychotic Monotherapy and Polypharmacy among Community-Dwelling Persons with Alzheimer’s Disease. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 2016; 1 DOI: 10.3233/JAD-160671
University of Eastern Finland. “Antipsychotic drug use increases risk of mortality among persons with Alzheimer’s disease.” ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 12 December 2016.
Antipsychotics
aripiprazole (Abilify, Aristada)
asenapine (Saphris)
brexpiprazole (Rexulti)
cariprazine (Vraylar)
clozapine (Clozaril, FazaClo, Versacloz) also strong anticholinergic & may cause sudden immune system drop
iloperidone (Fanapt)
olanzapine (Zyprexa)
lurasidone (Latuda)
paliperidone (Invega)
pimavanserin (Nuplazid)-appears to cause death in people with Parkinson’s https://www.mdmag.com/medical-news/pimavanserin-under-scrutiny-for-reported-deaths-in-parkinsons-patients
quetiapine (Seroquel)
risperidone (Risperdal)
ziprasidone (Geodon)
thiothixene (Navane)
prochlorperazine (Compro)
chlorpromazine (Thorazine)
fluphenazine (Prolixin)
trifluoperazine (Stelazine)
perphenazine (Trilafon)
thioridazine (Mellaril)
prochlorperazine (Compazine)
fluphenazine (Prolixin)
fluphenazine (Permitil)
mesoridazine (Serentil)
pimozide (Orap)
molindone (Moban)
haloperidol (Haldol)
loxapine (Loxitane)
loxapine (Adasuve)
Calcium supplementation (especially in milk)
Taking calcium supplements (especially in milk), even low dose, instead of getting it in food like dark leafy greens appears to cause brain lesions, strokes, and heart disease and heart attack deaths.
Advertising to the contrary aside, dairy is the most acidic food commonly ingested and prompts the body to release calcium into the blood in order to balance it’s PH. Supplemental calcium not only appears to cause brain lesions, strokes, kidney stones & heart deaths but does not appear to reduce osteoporosis as documented in multiple studies. Only calcium from foods (only 500mg at most appears to be needed) appears to do that, likely because food supplied calcium often comes with other elements essential for calcium absorption & bone building: dark leafy greens have calcium, magnesium & zinc, all essential; and natto (fermented soy) has calcium, magnesium, zinc and vitamin K2- essential for bone building.
Soaking beans & rice before cooking and cooking all foods with a pressure cooker helps prevent phytic acid from reducing calcium absorption from foods. Pressure cooking also stops lectins and retains 90% of vitamins (slow cooking retains only 40%) as long as the liquid is reused.
Soft drinks can have phosphorus which decreases calcium absorption as well. PPIs & H2 blockers used for reflux/GERD appear to decrease calcium (& increase mortality & a host of diseases).
Calcium intake and bone mineral density: systematic review and meta-analysis
BMJ 2015;351:h4183 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.h4183 (Published 29 September 2015)
https://www.sott.net/article/303360-Want-strong-bones-Avoid-dairy-products-and-calcium-supplements
Br J Nutr. 2014 Jul 28;112(2):220-7. doi: 10.1017/S0007114514000828. Epub 2014 Apr 30.
Elevated brain lesion volumes in older Elevated brain lesion volumes in older adults who use calcium supplements: a cross-sectional clinical observational study.
Payne ME et al.
Nutrients. 2013 Jun 18;5(6):2192-205. doi: 10.3390/nu5062192.
Serum ionized calcium may be related to white matter lesion volumes in older adults: a pilot study.
Payne ME et al.
BMJ. 2010 Jul 29;341:c3691. doi: 10.1136/bmj.c3691.
Br J Nutr. 2014 Jul 28;112(2):220-7. doi: 10.1017/S0007114514000828. Epub 2014 Apr 30.
Elevated brain lesion volumes in older adults who use calcium supplements: a cross-sectional clinical observational study.
Payne ME et al.
Int Psychogeriatr. 2007 Apr;19(2):295-305. Epub 2006 Oct 23.
Food group intake and brain lesions in late-life vascular depression.
Payne ME et al.
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT)
In a recent study men receiving ADT were 88% more likely to be diagnosed with Alzheimer’s in the next 2.7 years.
Androgen Deprivation Therapy and Future Alzheimer’s Disease Risk
Kevin T. Nead, Greg Gaskin, Cariad Chester, Samuel Swisher-McClure, Nicholas J. Leeper and Nigam H. Shah
doi: 10.1200/JCO.2015.63.6266
JCO December 7, 2015 JCO636266
Anticholinergics
The first thing to look for in people showing signs of lowered concentration or dementia (cognitive confusion, memory loss) is to see if they are taking a drug that causes temporary dementia-like symptoms by lowering the concentration chemical in the brain- choline. Anticholinergics cause people to make poorer decisions, be more physically unstable, and to die earlier (in a two year study of people 65 or older, people who had heavy anticholinergic use had a 68% higher death rate). No one should take drugs that have this property. Common drugs that cause severe anticholinergic effects are Benadryl (diphenhydramine) , Seroquel (quetiapine), Zyprexa (olanzapine), Paxil (paroxetine), and oxybutynin to name a few. Other anticholinergics are Coumadin (warfarin), Xanax (alprazolam), Wellbutrin/Zyban (bupropion), Valium (diazepam).
Anticholinergics cause:
Drowsiness or sedation
Blurred vision
Dizziness
Urinary retention
Confusion or delirium
Hallucinations
Dry mouth
Constipation
Reduced sweating and elevated body temperature
Falls and risk for fracture
Other conditions that may be exacerbated by anticholinergics:
Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)
Angle closure glaucoma
Myasthenia gravis
Alzheimer’s disease
Bowel blockage
Urinary tract blockage or urinary hesitancy
http://www.drugs.com/article/anticholinergic-drugs-elderly.html
Fox C1, Richardson K, Maidment ID, Savva GM, Matthews FE, Smithard D, Coulton S, Katona C, Boustani MA, Brayne C. Anticholinergic medication use and cognitive impairment in the older population: the medical research council cognitive function and ageing study. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2011 Aug;59(8):1477-83. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2011.03491.x. Epub 2011 Jun 24.
Anticholinergic effects of medication in elderly patients.
Tune, L E;
J Clin Psychiatry 2001 ;62 Suppl 21:11-4.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21707557
http://www.health.harvard.edu/newsletters/Harvard_Health_Letter/2009/November/anticholinergic-cognitive-burden-scale
https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&ved=0CCcQFjAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indydiscoverynetwork.org%2Fresources%2Fantichol_burden_scale.pdf&ei=J637U–fJ43noASkgIH4DA&usg=AFQjCNFQgEZuvdKzbp7pRINYP-Nsnzw6rw&sig2=USw1ZryYDayG8kZmZwhc8A&bvm=bv.73612305,d.cGU&cad=rja
Only in Parkinson’s disease may anticholinergics have a positive effect on cognition.
List of anticholinergics:
http://www.agingbraincare.org/uploads/products/ACB_scale_-_legal_size.pdf
http://www.agingbraincare.org/tools/abc-anticholinergic-cognitive-burden-scale/
Categorical Scoring:
Possible anticholinergics include those listed with a score of 1: Evidence from in vitro data that chemical
entity has antagonist activity at muscarinic receptor.
Definite anticholinergics include those
listed with a score of 2 or 3
Score of 2: Evidence from literature, prescriber’s
information, or expert opinion of clinical anticholinergic
effect.
Score of 3: Evidence from literature, expert opinion,
or prescribers information that medication may cause
delirium.
Numerical Scoring:
Add the score contributed to each selected medication in each scoring category
Add the number of possible or definite Anticholinergic medications
Notes:
Each definite anticholinergic may increase the risk of cognitive impairment by 46% over 6 years. 3
For each on point increase in the ACB total score, a decline in MMSE score of 0.33 points over 2 years has been suggested. 4
Additionally, each one point increase in the ACB total score has been correlated with a 26% increase in the risk of death. 4
Drugs with ACB Score of 1
Generic Name/Brand Name
Alimemazine Theralen™
Alverine Spasmonal™
Alprazolam Xanax™
Aripiprazole Abilify™
Asenapine Saphris™
Atenolol Tenormin™
Bupropion Wellbutrin™, Zyban™
Captopril Capoten™
Cetirizine Zyrtec™
Chlorthalidone Diuril™, Hygroton™
Cimetidine Tagamet™
Clidinium Librax™
Clorazepate Tranxene™
Codeine Contin™
Colchicine Colcrys™
Desloratadine Clarinex™
Diazepam Valium™
Digoxin Lanoxin™
Dipyridamole Persantine™
Disopyramide Norpace™
Fentanyl Duragesic™, Actiq™
Furosemide Lasix™
Fluvoxamine Luvox™
Haloperidol Haldol™
Hydralazine Apresoline™
Hydrocortisone Cortef™, Cortaid™
Iloperidone Fanapt™
Isosorbide Isordil™, Ismo™
Levocetirizine Xyzal™
Loperamide Immodium™, others
Loratadine Claritin™
Metoprolol Lopressor™, Toprol™
Morphine MS Contin™, Avinza™
Nifedipine Procardia™, Adalat™
Paliperidone Invega™
Prednisone Deltasone™, Sterapred™
Quinidine Quinaglute™
Ranitidine Zantac™
Risperidone Risperdal™
Theophylline Theodur™, Uniphyl™
Trazodone Desyrel™
Triamterene Dyrenium™
Venlafaxine Effexor™
Warfarin Coumadin™
Drugs with ACB Score of 2
Generic Name/Brand Name
Amantadine Symmetrel™
Belladonna Multiple
Carbamazepine Tegretol™
Cyclobenzaprine Flexeril™
Cyproheptadine Periactin™
Loxapine Loxitane™
Meperidine Demerol™
Methotrimeprazine Levoprome™
Molindone Moban™
Nefopam Nefogesic™
Oxcarbazepine Trileptal™
Pimozide Orap™
Drugs with ACB Score of 3
Generic Name/Brand Name
Amitriptyline Elavil™
Amoxapine Asendin™
Atropine Sal-Tropine™
Benztropine Cogentin™
Brompheniramine Dimetapp™
Carbinoxamine Histex™, Carbihist™
Chlorpheniramine Chlor-Trimeton™
Chlorpromazine Thorazine™
Clemastine Tavist™
Clomipramine Anafranil™
Clozapine Clozaril™
Darifenacin Enablex™
Desipramine Norpramin™
Dicyclomine Bentyl™
Dimenhydrinate Dramamine™, others
Diphenhydramine Benadryl™, others
Doxepin Sinequan™
Doxylamine Unisom™, others
Fesoterodine Toviaz™
Flavoxate Urispas™
Hydroxyzine Atarax™, Vistaril™
Hyoscyamine Anaspaz™, Levsin™
Imipramine Tofranil™
Meclizine Antivert™
Methocarbamol Robaxin™
Nortriptyline Pamelor™
Olanzapine Zyprexa™
Orphenadrine Norflex™
Oxybutynin Ditropan™
Paroxetine Paxil™
Perphenazine Trilafon™
Promethazine Phenergan™
Propantheline Pro-Banthine™
Propiverine Detrunorm™
Quetiapine Seroquel™
Scopolamine Transderm Scop™
Solifenacin Vesicare™
Thioridazine Mellaril™
Tolterodine Detrol™
Trifluoperazine Stelazine™
Trihexyphenidyl Artane™
Trimipramine Surmontil™
Trospium Sanctura™
1.
Boustani MA, Campbell NL, Munger S, Maidment I, Fox
GC. Impact of anticholinergics on the aging brain: a review
and practical application. Aging Heatlh. 2008;4(3):311-320.
2.
Campbell N, Boustani M, Limbil T, et al. The cognitive
impact of anticholinergics: a clinical review.
Clinical Interventions in Aging. 2009;4(1):225-233.
3.
Campbell N, Boustani M, Lane K, et al. Use of anticholinergics
and the risk of cognitive impairment in an African-
American population. Neurology. 2010;75:152-159.
4.
Fox C, Richardson K, Maidment I, et al. Anticholinergic
medication use and cognitive impairment in the
older population: the Medical Research Council
Cognitive Function and Ageing Study. Journal of the
American Geriatric Society. 2011; 59(8): 1477-1483.
5.
Cai X, Campbell N, Khan B, Callahan C, Boustani M.
Long-term anticholinergic use and the aging brain.
Alzheimers Dementia. 2012; epub ahead of print.
http://www.agingbraincare.org/tools/abc-anticholinergic-cognitive-burden-scale/
Aspartame (Nutrasweet)
Aspartame is an artificial sweetener found in a lot of foods, supplements, and (soda) pop. Aspartame increases the levels of phenylalanine in the brain, which is a problem for people with phenylketonuria (PKU), people who are taking levodopa, people with sleep or anxiety problems, or people taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) for depression, or people who have tardive dyskinesia (a muscle movement disorder).
More reports of people experiencing neurological problems with aspartame have been sent to the FDA than for any other food.
http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/expert-answers/phenylalanine/faq-20058361
What may help Alzheimer’s:
Organics
We can eat organic to avoid GMOs (that cause leaky gut, obesity, heart disease, diabetes, & cancer) & toxic/banned pesticides/herbicides/fungicides from imported foods.
responsibletechnology.org
Other anti-inflammatories-ginger, astaxanthin, boswellia
Some of the NSAIDs like aspirin are associated with a lower risk of Alzheimer’s but are limited by the very low doses that are tolerable. All anti-inflammatories appear to have great benefits against Alzheimer’s but alpha lipoic acid is not only an anti-inflammatory that helps to reverse diabetes, heart disease, cancer, & obesity. Combining the anti-inflammatory benefits of alpha lipoic acid, turmeric (with a little black pepper), ginger, astaxanthin, and/or boswellia (frankincense) may have a combination effect against Alzheimer’s and dementia.
Neural growth
Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, ALS, Huntington’s, & Lewy Body Dementia all result in a loss of neurons. One way to fight against that is to grow more neurons.
Grows neurons fastest-
omega3 fatty acids
blueberries
nonalkalized/nonDutch cocoa or dark chocolate
folic acid
zinc
flavenoids in fruits & veges
caffeine
Alpha lipoic acid or curcumin (turmeric & a little black pepper)
calorie restriction
intermittent fasting (12 hour diet)
learning
exercise (higher intensity best)
sex
slows/stops growth-
vitamin E deficiency
high sugar diet
high saturated fat
vitamin B deficiency
vitamin A deficiency
soft foods diet
alcohol
stress
lack of sleep
age
“You can grow new nerve cells- here’s how”
Ted (Talks)- Ideas worth spreading
Dr Sandrine Thuret , PhD
Principal Investigator & Lecturer in Neural Stem Cell Research
King’s College, London
Which one may be the most important?
40 Hz sound & light
Doctor’s have found that by playing 40hz tone, and/orwith a 40hz flashing light, the tangles in the brains of people with Alzheimer’s clear up & they get their memories back.
For some reason most studies limit the treatment to one hour a day. Using binaural beats at 40hz in both ears with earbuds, headphones or dual speakers on both sides or with just one speaker isochonic 40hz tone for multiple hours a day or continuously may work very fast to bring back memory.
Playing a 40 Hz binaural and/or isochronic tone increases concentration, mood, calmness, creativity, & emotional insight into self & others.
Sensory-Evoked 40-Hz Gamma Oscillation Improves Sleep and Daily Living Activities in Alzheimer’s Disease Patients
Physical exercise during exposure to 40-Hz light flicker improves cognitive functions in the 3xTg mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
Multi-sensory Gamma Stimulation Ameliorates Alzheimer’s-Associated Pathology and Improves Cognition
Impact of multisession 40Hz tACS on hippocampal perfusion in patients with Alzheimer’s disease
40 Hz Light Flicker Alters Human Brain Electroencephalography Microstates and Complexity Implicated in Brain Diseases
Alpha lipoic acid both works to stop type II diabetes induced Alzheimer’s as an anti-inflammatory and provides the blood sugar benefits of a low sugar diet & intermittent fasting. Alpha lipoic acid also appears to improve memory, concentration, & cognition.
Resveratrol is in all dark grapes, dark raisons, dark wines, & red wine vinegar. Because alcohol & a high sugar diet slows/stops neural growth, the healthiest version for growing neurons without slowing neurons is red wine vinegar, which not only has no sugar or calories, but lowers blood sugar (by 20%), increases insulin sensitivity (by 64%) & decreases insulin desensitivity (by 45%), reversing diabetes. So the resveratrol increases neural growth, & the vinegar decreases sugar to prevent the slowing of neural growth.
So the red wine vinegar MAY be the most important in growing new neurons. But dark chocolate/cocoa & blueberries are likely the most enjoyable! Resveratrol is also available in high concentration as Hu Zhang or Japanese knotwood.
Reversing Alzheimer’s memory symptoms
Dr. Dale Bresden of the Buck institute in one study published in 2014 appeared to help reverse memory decline associated with Alzheimer’s symptoms in 9 of 10 people. Another study published in 2016 reversed memory problems in 10 more people. Lifestyle changes reversed memory loss sustained up to four years. Six people who had problems working went back to work or improved enough to stop having problems at work. Only the one patient with late stage Alzheimer’s disease didn’t show a reversal.
Reversal of cognitive decline: A novel therapeutic program
Dale E. Bredesen
Aging (Albany NY). 2014 Sep; 6(9): 707–717.
Bredesen DE, Amos EC, Canick J, Ackerley M, Raji C, Fiala M, Ahdidan J. Reversal of cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease. Aging (Albany NY). 2016; 8:1250-1258. https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.100981
Since then over a hundred people have apparently come back from an official Alzheimer’s diagnosis to full or near full functioning. The reason why these diet & lifestyle changes may work is because Dr. Bresden has identified three types of Alzheimer’s (and one mixed type) that are a reaction to toxins/inflammation/high blood sugar(HBS)/infection. Get rid of the toxins/inflammation/HBS/infection at the root, and people may stop increasing amyloid.
Genetic vulnerability
If a person has no copies of the ApoE epsilon 4 allele (ApoE4), they have a 9% chance of Alzheimer’s in the US with no intervention. One copy increases that to 30%, and 2 copies 50-90%.
Types of Alzheimer’s
Dr. Bresden believes there are three types of Alzheimer’s-
Type 1- inflammation, including caused by infection. Inflammation may be treatable with anti-inflammatories like alpha lipoic acid, turmeric (with a little black pepper), ginger, resveratrol, astaxanthin, boswellia, bromelain, papain. Bacterial infection may be treatable with probiotics, oregano oil, olive leaf, etc. Viral infections may be treatable with 4000 IU of vitamin D3 with a meal (fat soluble), liposomal vitamin C.
Type 1.5- insulin resistance treatable by lowering blood sugar.
Type 2- drop in any growth factors or nutrients essential for neural growth.
Type 3- MARCoNS—multiple antibiotic-resistant coagulase-negative staph is a colonization of antibiotic-resistant staphylococcus in the nasal cavity. It may cause trouble with simple calculations like subtracting 7 from 100 repeatedly, executive functions, and organizing things It appears to be treatable with the probiotic Lactobacillus sakei (nasal swab), used to make sake wine & chimchi cabbage.
New evidence appears to show a bacteria called Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum may be causing/a result of low bacterial diversity in the sinus microbiome, leading to sinusitus.
Sinus Microbiome Diversity Depletion and Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum Enrichment Mediates Rhinosinusitis
Nicole A. Abreu, Nabeetha A. Nagalingam, Yuanlin Song, Frederick C. Roediger, Steven D. Pletcher, Andrew N. Goldberg, and Susan V. Lynch
Sci Transl Med. 2012 Sep 12; 4(151): 151ra124.
doi: 10.1126/scitranslmed.3003783
https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2012/09/12718/sinusitis-linked-microbial-diversity
http://lactobacto.com/sinusitis-treatment-summary/
http://lactobacto.com/2015/01/12/the-one-probiotic-that-cures-sinusitis/
http://lactobacto.com/tag/lactobacillus-sakei/
Other infections like mycotoxines, chronic Lyme disease, herpes etc. can trigger the amyloid production to try to protect the brain (antimicrobial). Herpes may be treatable with lysine.
RHR: Prevention and Treatment of Alzheimer’s from a Functional Perspective—with Dr. Dale Bredesen
The regimen that has reversed memory problems in dozens of people with Alzheimer’s diagnosis included:
eliminating all simple carbohydrates, gluten and processed food from the diet, and eating more vegetables, fruits and non-farmed fish and less nonorganic or nongrass fed animals
reducing blood sugar
meditating twice a day and beginning yoga to reduce stress
sleeping seven to eight hours per night (with no apnea), up from four to five
taking melatonin, methylcobalamin (vitamin B12), pyridoxine-5-phosphate (vitamin B6), coconut oil, vitamin D3 (get between 50-80 ng/ml), citicholine, probiotics, EPA & DHA fatty acids, and coenzyme Q10 each day
optimizing oral hygiene using an electric flosser and electric toothbrush
reinstating hormone replacement therapy, (including thyroid)
fasting for a minimum of 12 hours between dinner and breakfast, and stop eating a minimum of three hours before bedtime to trigger autophagy (protein debris cleared from brain)
exercising every day after lunch, and walking every evening after dinner
eating blueberries/mixed tocopherols (vitamin E)
caffeine to reduce plaque
coconut or MCT oil
increasing intellectual stimulation- spacial memory
reducing inflammation with herbal anti-inflammatory herbs
huperzine to increase acetylcholine
alpha lipoic acid
NAC (N-acetyl cysteine)
vitamin C
testing & fixing hearing, sight, smell, taste, touch
test for C reactive protein (get hs-CRP<1), homocysteine (get <7)
review meds for interaction effects
test heavy metals & chelate w/ spirulina with a vegetable, chlorella, modified fruit pectin
maintain bone density
http://drmariamaricich.com/clients/959/documents/MEND.pdf
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/scott-mendelson-md/mending-the-alzheimers-br_b_10743068.html
Testing
People are sometimes tested with Neuroreader to measure the size of the different parts of the brain before treatment. People are often given blood level tests to see which interventions will help them the most & given those treatments. No patient in the studies did everything.
https://museslabs.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/MEND-Overview.pdf
RHR: Prevention and Treatment of Alzheimer’s from a Functional Perspective—with Dr. Dale Bredesen
MUSES LABS, INC.
9660 Falls of Neuse Road
Suite 138-334
Raleigh, NC 27615
(984) 232-6699
info@museslabs.com
Other studies show many of these interventions help bring back memory.
A 2 year multidomain intervention of diet, exercise, cognitive training, and vascular risk monitoring versus control to prevent cognitive decline in at-risk elderly people (FINGER): a randomised controlled trial
Ngandu, Tiia et al.
The Lancet , Volume 385 , Issue 9984 , 2255 – 2263
Exercise may lower iron & improve thinking
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22168715
Lithium
Lithium is an element that is present in drinking water in naturally occuring amounts as lithium orotate and lithium chloride (a salt like sodium chloride). It is essential for human growth from conception to old age. It is effective at very low doses (300mcg-5mg).
Animals that consume diets with very low lithium levels die earlier, don’t reproduce as well and have behavior problems.
Places that have large amounts of naturally occuring lithium in their water & food & people who have lithium in hair samples have much smaller (up to 40%) violence and suicide rates than places that have the smallest (27 Texas counties, 18 Japan munipalities, Austria, England).
Lithium, dementia, & the brain
Lithium appears to increase neural growth and increase brain grey matter, perhaps better than anything else according to Dr. Nassir Ghaemi, a professor of psychiatry at Tufts University School of Medicine. Microdoses in one study helped prevent progression to Alzheimer’s in people with minimal cognitive impairment.
Lithium carbonate vs orotate/chloride
Lithium carbonate is the synthetic prescription form that appears to damage the kidneys and thyroid because it requires so high of doses 2000mg to be effective. for Lithium orotate or chloride needs only 300mcg-5mg in most studies.
Lithium orotate & lithium chloride for dementia & neuroprotection
Lithium orotate & lithium chloride are natural forms available online without a prescription at a much lower effective dosage (300mcg-5mg), and reportedly little side effects. It should still be used under supervision of a doctor. Lithium aspartate works at low doses but the aspartate carrier has a higher rate of sensitivity over time.
What 5m or less of lithium orotate or chloride has been shown to do:
Improve mood including in addiction
Reduce violence & suicidality by 40%
Regrow neurons lost to de“`discussion 446. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.108.055798.
Lithium levels in drinking water and risk of suicide.
Ohgami H, Terao T, Shiotsuki I, Ishii N, Iwata N.
Ina Bach; Otto Kumberger; Hubert Schmidbaur (1990). “Orotate complexes. Synthesis and crystal structure of lithium orotate( – I) monohydrate and magnesium bis[ orotate( – I)] octahydrate”. Chem. Ber. 123 (12): 2267–2271. doi:10.1002/cber.19901231207.
Sartori HE (1986). “Lithium orotate in the treatment of alcoholism and related conditions”. Alcohol. 3 (2): 97–100. PMID 3718672. doi:10.1016/0741-8329(86)90018-2.
Nieper, Hans Alfred (1973), “The clinical applications of lithium orotate. A two years study”, Agressologie., Masson, Proquest, 14 (6): 407–11, ISSN 0002-1148, PMID 4607169
Smith DF (April 1976). “Lithium orotate, carbonate, and chloride: pharmacokinetics, polydipsia and polyuria in rats”. Br J Pharmacol. 56 (4): 399–402. PMC 1666891 Freely accessible. PMID 1260219. doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1976.tb07449.x.
Alevizos B, Alevizos E, Leonardou A, Zervas I (2012). “Low dosage lithium augmentation in venlafaxine resistant depression: An open-label study”. Psychiatrike. 23 (2): 143–8. PMID 22796912.
Nunes MA, Viel TA, Buck HS I (2013). “Microdose lithium treatment stabilized cognitive impairment in patients with Alzheimer’s disease”. Curr Alzheimer Res. 10 (1): 104–7. PMID 22746245. doi:10.2174/156720513804871354.
Berger GE, Wood SJ, Ross M, Hamer CA, Wellard RM, Pell G, Phillips L, Nelson B, Amminger GP, Yung AR, Jackson G, Velakoulis D, Pantelis C, Manji H, McGorry PD I (2012). “Neuroprotective effects of low-dose lithium in individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis. A longitudinal MRI/MRS study”. Curr Pharm Des. 18 (4): 570–5. PMID 22239590. doi:10.2174/138161212799316163.
Smith DF, Schou M (March 1979). “Kidney function and lithium concentrations of rats given an injection of lithium orotate or lithium carbonate”. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 31 (3): 161–3. PMID 34690. doi:10.1111/j.2042-7158.1979.tb13461.x.
References from: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium_orotate
http://www.bipolar-lives.com/lithium-orotate.html
The side effects of high dose lithium carbonate:
https://reviews.everydayhealth.com/drugs/lithium
Spirulina- the source of fish EPA & DHA fatty acids
Spirulina for concentration and a mood boost to reduce depression & anxiety, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, ADHD, autism, and violence
The EPA & DHA fatty acids in spirulina (what’s in fish oil) appear to increase concentration and mood, which may increase “will power”-the ability to follow through on difficult tasks. For people who are recovering from addiction, spirulina may help increase self control.
If you want to get the EPA & DHA omega3 fatty acids that are great for the brain that are in some kinds of fish oil without the taste or worry about pesticides, mercury or radiation, you can get EPA & DHA from where fish get them- from taking the algae called spirulina (organic is best). At ovega.com is a good explanation of how EPA & DHA omega 3 fatty acids in fish come from eating the algae spirulina.
Spirulina may need to be taken with a meal with a vegetable. Vegetables may have the enzymes need to digest spirulina more fully. Only 1/4 teaspoons of the powder form (500mg capsule equivalent) 2-3X a day with a meal with a vegetable is needed to significantly improve mood and concentration.
Almost all baby formula is supplemented with DHA & EPA to help cognitive development.
https://www.verywell.com/dha-ara-supplements-2632235
Children from low income families who get the most DHA and the least omega6 fatty acids from corn & soybean oil had better academic achievement than even children of wealthy parents in one study.
www.anth.ucsb.edu/sites/secure.lsit.ucsb.edu.anth.d7/files/sitefiles/people/gaulin/Lassek%20%26%20Gaulin%202013%20DHA%20PISA%20math.pdf
Lassek, W. D. & S. J. C. Gaulin (in press) “Breast milk DHA content predicts cognitive performance in a sample of 28 nations.” Maternal & Child Nutrition:
Many of the disorders that EPA & DHA fatty acids treat appear to be from an inability to retain enough in the brain, making extra supplementation possibly essential for people with mental illness.
www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1475-2891-7-8.pdf
http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1476-511X-3-25.pdfDoesYou
http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2009/12/dha-omega.aspx
Spirulina and cognition
EPA & DHA omega3 fatty acids appeared to negate age related cognitive related decline in one study of seniors.
Alzheimers Dement. 2010 Nov;6(6):456-64. doi: 10.1016/j.jalz.2010.01.013.
Beneficial effects of docosahexaenoic acid on cognition in age-related cognitive decline.
Yurko-Mauro K, McCarthy D, Rom D, Nelson EB, Ryan AS, Blackwell A, Salem N Jr, Stedman M; MIDAS Investigators.
Spirulina and neuroprotection
EPA & DHA omega3 fatty acids appear to be neuroprotective.
Bachstetter, A. D., Jernberg, J., Schlunk, A., Vila, J. L., Hudson, C., Cole, M. J., … Bickford, P. C. (2010). Spirulina promotes stem cell genesis and protects against LPS induced declines in neural stem cell proliferation. PLoS One, 5(5), [e10496]. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010496
Spirulina and depression
EPA & DHA omega3 fatty acids appear to reduce depression and improve mood in multiple studies.
J Clin Psychiatry. 2011 Dec;72(12):1577-84. doi: 10.4088/JCP.10m06634. Epub 2011 Sep 6.
Meta-analysis of the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in clinical trials in depression.
Sublette ME, Ellis SP, Geant AL, Mann JJ.
Omega-3 Fatty Acid Augmentation of Citalopram Treatment for Patients With Major Depressive Disorder
Gertsik, Lev et al.
Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology:
February 2012 – Volume 32 – Issue 1 – p 61–64
doi: 10.1097/JCP.0b013e31823f3b5f
http://www.lef.org/magazine/mag2007/oct2007_report_depression_01.htm
http://www.nutraingredients-usa.com/Research/EPA-stands-alone-as-a-depression-fighter
Spirulina & ADHD
EPA & DHA omega3 fatty acids appear to improve concentration and reduce ADHD symptoms.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1971271/
http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2013/08/19/omega-3-fat-dha.aspx
Spirulina and Violence
EPA & DHA omega3 fatty acids appears to lower violence in people in prison.
http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/evolutionary-psychiatry/201105/diet-and-violence
Spirulina and bipolar depression
EPA & DHA omega3 fatty acids appear to reduce bipolar symptoms of depression & mania.
http://www.psycheducation.org/depression/meds/Omega-3.htm
http://www.mclean.harvard.edu/pdf/news/mitn/satevnpost.stoll0605.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18072818
http://www.gmhcn.org/files/Wellness/Omega-3forDepressionandBipolarDisorder.html
http://www.blackdoginstitute.org.au/docs/Omega-3asaTreatmentforBipolarDisorder-PrintVersionofMainPresentation.pdf
http://itsnotmental.blogspot.com/2008/02/omega-3-fatty-acids-fish-oil-dha-epa.html
http://www.forbes.com/sites/daviddisalvo/2012/09/16/does-fish-oil-really-improve-mental-health/
Spirulina may have low/little/no side effects for most people. Spirulina contains iodine (like iodized salt). In the past some spirulina products could have traces of the toxins BMAA or microcystin. It may be best to buy only organic spirulina and from a trusted source that has been tested by an independent lab and grown in stainless steel vats, to avoid contamination. You can call the manufacturer to find out their standards & independent lab that tests their products. Powder form is the cheapest, and a lot of people mix them into their smoothies.
http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-923-spirulina%20%28blue-green%20algae%29.aspx?activeingredientid=923&activeingredientname=spirulina%20%28blue-green%20algae%29
http://www.consumerlab.com/answers/Is+Spirulina+safe%3F+I+heard+that+it+can+contain+toxins%2C+such+as+BMAA+and+microcystin+toxin./spirulina_+BMAA/
Cocoa & the heart
Organic cocoa has theobromine and has been found in multiple studies over the last 15 years to clean the arteries, reduce blood pressure, lower insuline resistance, reduce heart disease and lower mortality. The greatest flavenols are with organic cocoa, and dark chocolate from Endangered Species, Ghirardelli, and Lindt.
http://www.life-enhancement.com/magazine/article/2798-effect-of-treating-cocoa-with-alkali-the-dutching-process
Cocoa flavanol consumption improves cognitive function, blood pressure control, and metabolic profile in elderly subjects: the Cocoa, Cognition, and Aging (CoCoA) Study—a randomized controlled trial
Daniela Mastroiacovo et al.
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 101, Issue 3, 1 March 2015, Pages 538–548,https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.114.092189
Cocoa and the brain (increases neural growth)
Eating dark or sugar free chocolate appears to increase visual spatial memory & organization, working memory, scanning, tracking, abstract reasoning, & performance in the mini-mental state examination in one study over five years and nearly 1000 people independent of age, education, heart health, & diet. Eating chocolate appears to improve cognitive performance (even in Alzheimer’s & dementia), reduce mental fatigue, and improve mood.
Appetite
Volume 100, 1 May 2016, Pages 126-132
Chocolate intake associated with better cognitive function: The Maine-Syracuse Longitudinal Study
Georgina E.Crichton, Merrill F.Elias, Ala’aAlkerwi
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2016.02.010
J Psychopharmacol. 2010 Oct;24(10):1505-14. doi: 10.1177/0269881109106923. Epub 2009 Nov 26.
Consumption of cocoa flavanols results in acute improvements in mood and cognitive performance during sustained mental effort.
Scholey AB, French SJ, Morris PJ, Kennedy DO, Milne AL, Haskell CF.
Smit, H.J., Gaffan, E.A. & Rogers, P.J. Psychopharmacology (2004) 176: 412. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-004-1898-3
Methylxanthines are the psycho-pharmacologically active constituents of chocolate
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2016/03/04/the-magical-thing-eating-chocolate-does-to-your-brain/?utm_term=.8a55acdf3cad
Non Dutch/alkalyzed cocoa & chocolate only
Dutching/alkalyzing cocoa can reduce its health & heart improving phenol content by 92%. Organic, nonDutch/nonalkalyzed cocoa has the highest phenol content.
When mixing cocoa for a chocolate drink, avoid milk & sugar to get the greatest heart benefit. Stevia, monk fruit, & erythritol appear to be the safest noncaloric sweeteners.
Cocoa increases hdl, slowsLDL oxidation, cleans arteries, prevents cardiac deaths, stops aging skin, skin cancer & prevents sunburns, reverses chronic fatigue, & prevents diabetes & extends life. Two studies, one by Harvard med school dark chocolate improved blood flow & mental performance in elderly, another study helped people with mild cognitive impairment.
Besides cocoa sweetened with your choice of stevia, erythritol, and/or monk fruit (all zero calories) alone or in combination, there are companies that make sugar free chocolate with erythritol. Most people find it doesn’t have the laxative or stomach cramping effect of sorbitol, mannitol, or xylitol. Best may be chocolate chips stored in the freezer- they last much longer in the mouth. Not only does cocoa & sugar free chocolate (as long as they are not Dutch or alkalyzed) apparently clear the arteries, they substitute successfully for cakes & cookies for most people.
Making your own chocolate
Organic cocoa powder (nondutch/nonalkalized is healthiest) can be mixed with water & sweetened with stevia, monk fruit and/or erythritol, a sugar alcohol that has no calories & may not cause the problems of xylitol, sorbitol, and mannitol. When using water use the exact amount in the recipe (look online)- too much or too little doesn’t taste good.
Sugar free chocolate bars can be made far cheaper by melting Baker’s brand baking chocolate (in the baking section) and adding the right amount of stevia, monk fruit, and/or erithritol.
Chocolate can help weight loss
A small piece of dark and especially sugar free chocolate can be taken every one to three hours for it’s cognitive benefits, and eating chocolate throughout the day can help to substitute for/eliminate cravings for cakes & cookies that cause obesity, inflammation (wheat), and diabetes (sugar and highly processed wheat flour).
Ginkgo biloba
Ginkgo is the leaf from the tree of the same name that appears to help cognition, especially as we get older. There are 80,000 studies on google scholar on gingko’s effectiveness. A standardized ginkgo supplement has at least 22% flavone glycosides, 5% terpine lactones, 3% lobelia, below 5ppm ginkcolic acids- standardized EGB761. It appears to be most effective 1x/day 240mg (no split dosage). Many studies where ginkgo doesn’t show a benefit may not using standardized extract & dosage.
Gingko appears to help:
mental function-memory & learning even in healthy people
equilibrium (vertigo, dizziness)
tinnitus
reduce blood viscosity, improves circulation
mood (modulates neurotransmitters)
inflammation
allergies & asthma
radiation exposure
ischemic stroke recovery
retinal edema
retinopathy
peripheral artery disease
arthlerosclerosis
chronic sinusitus
chronic bronchitus
vitelligo
altitude sickness
cardiovascular disease
glucose tolerance
Gingko doesn’t appear to cause bleeding problems in people with warfarin but may interact. Ginkgo can raise blood levels of PPI’s, calcium channel blockers. Gingko may affect MAOI inhibitors.
Human studies
One study with 3700 subjects found gingko appeared to slow mental decline, reduce beta amyloid, for at least 4yrs.
World J of Biological Psychiatry 4 trials review 22wks decreased caregiver distress rating, increased activities, global clinical impression, improved quality of life.
96 Alzheimer neuropsychiatric features (behavior problems)- cognitive benefits equal to Erecept but with very little side effects.
Int J of Geriactric Psychiatry 160, double blind placebo, signficant improvement of symptoms with side effects no greater than placebo.
J of Psychiatric Research found significant & clinically relevant cognition & psychopathology improvement.
1201 Austria dementia patients for 22wks found a 22 month delay in dementia progression, saved up to $60,000.
A review of 29 studies found a slowing of dementia when taking standardized dosage, and a reduction in beta amyloid.
188 people Phytomedicine study found improved recall, reversed aging memory loss.
52 people with stroke improved significantly faster than the control group in one study.
15 dyslexic children improved scores in a study.
J of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
For people treated for hyperthyroid- reduced radioactive iodine damage to normal tissues.
Psychiatry Research 8 studies 1000 people-gingko reduced symptoms of schizophrenia.
J of Clinical Psychiatry study found reduced tardive dyskinesia in schizophrenia meds.
J of Anesthesia ruptured disk with nerve entrapment study found gingko stopped nerve pain of sciatica.
Dr. Richard Becker with Cindy Becker on “Your Health” 01/11/16, #1522 Ginko Review 2/23/17
Hofferberth, B. (1994), The efficacy of EGb 761 in patients with senile dementia of the alzheimer type, a double-blind, placebo-controlled study on different levels of investigation. Hum. Psychopharmacol. Clin. Exp., 9: 215–222. doi:10.1002/hup.470090308
Phytother Res. 1999 Aug;13(5):408-15.
The effects of acute doses of standardized Ginkgo biloba extract on memory and psychomotor performance in volunteer.
Rigney U, Kimber S, Hindmarch I.
A double-blind, placebo controlled study of Ginkgo biloba extract (‘Tanakan’) in elderly outpatients with mild to moderate memory impairment
G. S. Rai, C. Shovlin, and K. A. Wesnes
Current Medical Research And Opinion Vol. 12 , Iss. 6,1991
Alpha lipoic acid (ALA)
ALA is a major painkiller & anti-inflammatory with no known significant side effects or drug interaction effects that also prevents damage from brain injury & is neuroprotective. ALA improves memory, concentration, & cognition as well as helps to reverse diabetes, heart disease, prevent & treat cancer & at high doses promotes weight loss.
Neurochemistry International
Volume 87, August 2015, Pages 85-91
Alpha lipoic acid inhibits neural apoptosis via a mitochondrial pathway in rats following traumatic brain injury
Wuting Wei et al.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuint.2015.06.003
Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology
Volume 56, December 2017, Pages 219-224
The α-lipoic acid improves high-fat diet-induced cerebral damage through inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction
Yang Liu et al.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2017.09.018
Brain Research Bulletin
Volume 122, April 2016, Pages 19-28
Alpha-lipoic acid-mediated activation of muscarinic receptors improves hippocampus- and amygdala-dependent memory
Aamra Mahboob et al.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.02.014
Neuroscience Letters
Volume 587, 5 February 2015, Pages 113-119
Effects of alpha-lipoic acid on spatial learning and memory, oxidative stress, and central cholinergic system in a rat model of vascular dementia
Ran-ran Zhao et al.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2014.12.037
The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology
Volume 87, June 2017, Pages 86-94
Neurochemical effects of the R form of α-lipoic acid and its neuroprotective mechanism in cellular models of Parkinson’s disease
Hong Zhao et al.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocel.2017.04.002
Neurochemistry International
Volume 108, September 2017, Pages 436-447
Alpha-lipoic acid attenuates acute neuroinflammation and long-term cognitive impairment after polymicrobial sepsis
Amanda Dell et al.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuint.2017.06.003
Cognitive decline associated with aging is prevented by taking tocopheral (a type of vitamin E), N-acetylcysteine, & α-lipoic acid.
Effects of alpha-lipoic acid on spatial learning and memory, oxidative stress, and central cholinergic system in a rat model of vascular dementia
Ran-ranZhao et al.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2014.12.037
Choi K-H, Park M-S, Kim H-S, et al. Alpha-lipoic acid treatment is neurorestorative and promotes functional recovery after stroke in rats. Molecular Brain. 2015;8:9. doi:10.1186/s13041-015-0101-6.
Choi K-H, Park M-S, Kim J-T, et al. Lipoic Acid Use and Functional Outcomes after Thrombolysis in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke and Diabetes. Wang X, ed. PLoS ONE. 2016;11(9):e0163484. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0163484.
Free Radic Res. 2009 Jul;43(7):658-67. doi: 10.1080/10715760902988843.
The protective effect of alpha lipoic acid against traumatic brain injury in rats.
Toklu HZ1, Hakan T, Biber N, Solakoğlu S, Oğünç AV, Sener G.
Turmeric (with a little black pepper to get to the curcumin)
Turmeric (curcumin) appears to help stave off & may even help treat Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease. It appears to help stop protein clumping, a main hallmark of the disease. Turmeric appears to help prevent and clear amyloid–beta plaque in the brain and to restore neural function in people with Alzheimer’s and be neuroprotective, including against strokes. It’s anti-inflammatory effects appear to get past the blood brain barrier, and it may help regain about a year’s previous memory function in people with full fledged Alzheimer’s with less than two 500mg capsules a day taken with a meal.
Turmeric (very inexpensive) needs to be taken with a little black pepper (piperine) to increase curcumin availability up to 200 times. It is often sold as curcumin (more expensive), but it is still good to take it with black pepper.
Liposomal curcumin appears to be the most potent form to take by far.
Curcuminoids enhance amyloid-beta uptake by macrophages of Alzheimer’s disease patients.
Zhang L1, Fiala M, Cashman J, Sayre J, Espinosa A, Mahanian M, Zaghi J, Badmaev V, Graves MC, Bernard G, Rosenthal M.
J Alzheimers Dis. 2006 Sep;10(1):1-7.
Shrikant Mishra and Kalpana Palanivelu. The effect of curcumin (turmeric) on Alzheimer’s disease: An overview
Ann Indian Acad Neurol. 2008 Jan-Mar; 11(1): 13–19. doi: 10.4103/0972-2327.40220 PMCID: PMC2781139
http://www.greenmedinfo.com/blog/turmeric-produces-remarkable-recovery-alzheimers-patients
http://www.bottomlinepublications.com/content/article/natural-remedies/the-spice-that-may-prevent-alzheimers
Anti-platelet effects of Curcuma oil in experimental models of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion and thrombosis.
Prakash P, Misra A, Surin WR, Jain M, Bhatta RS, Pal R, Raj K, Barthwal MK, Dikshit M.
Thromb Res. 2011 Feb;127(2):111-8. doi: 10.1016/j.thromres.2010.11.007. Epub 2010 Dec 8.
Anticoagulant activities of curcumin and its derivative.
Kim DC1, Ku SK, Bae JS.
BMB Rep. 2012 Apr;45(4):221-6.
Neuroprotective and neurotrophic curcuminoids to treat stroke: a translational perspective
Paul A Lapchak
Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs Volume 20, Issue 1, 2011 pages 13-221
DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2011.542410
Inhibitory effect of various Thai natural plants ethanolic extracts on platelet aggregation and blood coagulation in vitro
Suwit Duangmano, Surangkana Wonkngam, Ponghathai Ladchantha, Warissara Palanan, Ornkamon Wongtagan
Bulletin of Chaingmai Associated Medical Sciences Vol 49, No 1
Curcuminoids Limit Neutrophil-Mediated Reperfusion Injury in Experimental Stroke by Targeting the Endothelium
Janet L. Funk et al.
Microcirculation Volume 20, Issue 6, pages 544–554, August 2013
DOI: 10.1111/micc.12054
5. Thiyagarajan M, Sharma SS. Neuroprotective effect of curcumin in middle cerebral artery occlusion induced focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Life Sci.74(8), 969–985 (2004)
TURMERIC PROTECTS THE BRAIN AFTER STROKE BY BLOCKING INTRAVASCULAR INFLAMMATION
Ritter, Leslie S
http://hdl.handle.net/10755/157340
Neuroprotective efficacy and therapeutic window of curcuma oil: in rat embolic stroke model
Preeti Dohare et al.
BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine20088:55
DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-8-55
Jiang J, Wang W, Sun YJ, Hu M, Li F, Zhu DY. Neuroprotective effect of curcumin on focal cerebral ischemic rats by preventing blood–brain barrier damage. Eur. J. Pharmacol.561(1–3), 54–62 (2007).
Tsz-Shan Kam, Cho-Yee Wong, Pui-Long Kwan, Wing Fat-Yiu, Sin-Ming Chiu, Shun-Wan Chan, Kit-San Yuen, and Robbie Chan. Journal of Medicinal Food. January 2012, 15(2): 190-199. doi:10.1089/jmf.2011.1625.
Martin, Wayne. “Curcumin (turmeric) to prevent blood clots.” Townsend Letter for Doctors and Patients Apr. 2004: 115. Academic OneFile. Web. 20 Feb. 2016
Srivastava KC, Bordia A, Verma SK. Curcumin, a major component of food spice turmeric (Curcuma longa) inhibits aggregation and alters eicosanoid metabolism in human blood platelets. Prost Leuk Essential Fatty Acids. 1995;52:223–227
Turmeric improves post-prandial working memory in pre-diabetes independent of insulin
Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition
Volume 23 Issue 4 (Dec 2014)
Lee, Meei-Shyuan et al.
Curry Consumption and Cognitive Function in the Elderly
Tze-Pin Ng et al.
Am. J. Epidemiol. (1 November 2006) 164 (9): 898-906. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwj267
http://www.medwirenews.com/62/90999/Thrombosis/Turmeric_extract_shows_antiplatelet_activity.html
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006295299002063
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0049384810006031
http://draxe.com/turmeric-benefits/
The other anti-inflammatories that may help in the same way are ginger/astaxanthin/boswellia/resveratrol/aspirin.
Astaxanthin
Astaxanthin is a major anti-inflammatory that reduces the chemical PLOOH found in the brains of Alzheimer’s patients by 50%. Astaxanthin also reduces cancer & helps macular degeneration.
Br J Nutr. 2011 Jun;105(11):1563-71. doi: 10.1017/S0007114510005398. Epub 2011 Jan 31.
Antioxidant effect of astaxanthin on phospholipid peroxidation in human erythrocytes.
Nakagawa K1, Kiko T, Miyazawa T, Carpentero Burdeos G, Kimura F, Satoh A, Miyazawa T.
Resveratrol
Resveratrol is found in red & purple grapes and in hu zhang / Japanese knotwood. Taking one gram twice per day seemed to prevent amyloid-beta protein buildup in the brain of seniors. It also may protect against Huntington’s disease. Taking it with quercetin significantly increases blood levels. Drinking 100% purple grape juice or eating dark raisons works as well, as the small amount of resveratrol present is magnified by the quercetin in the grapes.
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of resveratrol for Alzheimer disease
R. Scott Turner et al.
Neurology October 20, 2015 vol. 85 no. 16 1383-1391
doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000002035
ERK activation by the polyphenols fisetin and resveratrol provides neuroprotection in multiple models of Huntington’s disease
Pamela Maher et al.
Hum. Mol. Genet. (2010) doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddq460
Cannabidiol (CBD) for Parkinson’, Alzheimer’s, Huntington’s, & Lewy body disorder hallucinations, movement, & neuroprotection
One surprising treatment of schizophrenic hallucinations is cannabidiol (CBD), which comes from hemp (marijuana with no/trace THC). The marijuana plant evolved to cause hallucinations so animals would eat it & distribute its seeds far & wide. The compound, THC, that it evolved to cause hallucinations is often not pleasant by itself, as people who take marinol (synthesized THC) by prescription often report. So the marijuana plant evolved another cannabanoid, cannabidiol, to take the edge off the hallucinations. Turns out, when people take cannabidiol by itself, it can be a powerful anti-hallucinogen.
Marijuana itself can have low CBD because THC competes with it for the plant’s resources, and people who smoke marijuana often want higher THC than the CBD. Hemp has the most CBD as it doesn’t have to compete with THC. Hemp oil with CBD is completely legal to buy & possess in all of the USA, because if its negligible THC content. People often get confused between the legality in buying hemp products and the illegality of buying marijuana.
Some people with Parkinson’s who take CBD report a significant improvement in their movement. It also appears to be significantly neuroprotective and slow or stop neurodegeneration.
The other benefits of cannabidiol are:
Antiepileptic/anticonvulsant-it can work in people unresponsive to other drugs for uncontrolled seizures
Helps sleep in people with Parkinson’s & Lewy Body disorder
Low dose it’s alerting & high dose it’s sleep increasing
Anti-inflammatory
Anxiolytic (antianxiety)
Anti-emetic (antinausea)
Analgesic
Anticancer
Immunomodulator-improves immune action against threats & reduces auto-immune disorders
Helps against IBD and Crohn’s Disease
Neuroprotectant
Antioxidant
It may help Alzheimer’s, Parkinsons, Huntington’s, Lewy Body disorder, cerebral ischemia, brain and nerve damage from strokes.
https://www.projectcbd.org/parkinsons-disease
Effects of cannabidiol in the treatment of patients with Parkinson’s disease: an exploratory double-blind trial.
Chagas MH1, Zuardi AW, Tumas V, Pena-Pereira MA, Sobreira ET, Bergamaschi MM, dos Santos AC, Teixeira AL, Hallak JE, Crippa JA.
J Psychopharmacol. 2014 Nov;28(11):1088-98. doi: 10.1177/0269881114550355. Epub 2014 Sep 18.
Prospects for cannabinoid therapies in basal ganglia disorders.
Fernández-Ruiz J, Moreno-Martet M, Rodríguez-Cueto C, Palomo-Garo C, Gómez-Cañas M, Valdeolivas S, Guaza C, Romero J, Guzmán M, Mechoulam R, Ramos JA.
Br J Pharmacol. 2011 Aug;163(7):1365-78. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01365.x.
Evaluation of the neuroprotective effect of cannabinoids in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease: importance of antioxidant and cannabinoid receptor-independent properties.
García-Arencibia M, González S, de Lago E, Ramos JA, Mechoulam R, Fernández-Ruiz J.
Brain Res. 2007 Feb 23;1134(1):162-70. Epub 2006 Dec 28.
Cannabinoids provide neuroprotection against 6-hydroxydopamine toxicity in vivo and in vitro: relevance to Parkinson’s disease.
Lastres-Becker I, Molina-Holgado F, Ramos JA, Mechoulam R, Fernández-Ruiz J.
Neurobiol Dis. 2005 Jun-Jul;19(1-2):96-107.
Cannabidiol can improve complex sleep-related behaviours associated with rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder in Parkinson’s disease patients: a case series.
Chagas MH, Eckeli AL, Zuardi AW, Pena-Pereira MA, Sobreira-Neto MA, Sobreira ET, Camilo MR, Bergamaschi MM, Schenck CH, Hallak JE, Tumas V, Crippa JA.
J Clin Pharm Ther. 2014 Oct;39(5):564-6. doi: 10.1111/jcpt.12179. Epub 2014 May 21.
Cannabidiol for the treatment of psychosis in Parkinson’s disease.
Zuardi AW, Crippa JA, Hallak JE, Pinto JP, Chagas MH, Rodrigues GG, Dursun SM, Tumas V.
J Psychopharmacol. 2009 Nov;23(8):979-83. doi: 10.1177/0269881108096519. Epub 2008 Sep 18.
Evaluation of the neuroprotective effect of cannabinoids in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease: importance of antioxidant and cannabinoid receptor-independent properties.
García-Arencibia M, González S, de Lago E, Ramos JA, Mechoulam R, Fernández-Ruiz J.
Brain Res. 2007 Feb 23;1134(1):162-70. Epub 2006 Dec 28.
Symptom-relieving and neuroprotective effects of the phytocannabinoid Δ⁹-THCV in animal models of Parkinson’s disease.
García C, Palomo-Garo C, García-Arencibia M, Ramos J, Pertwee R, Fernández-Ruiz J.
Br J Pharmacol. 2011 Aug;163(7):1495-506. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01278.x.
Therapeutic potential of cannabinoids in CNS disease.
Croxford JL.
CNS Drugs. 2003;17(3):179-202.
Cannabinoid Type 2 (CB2) Receptors Activation Protects against Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation Associated Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration in Rotenone Model of Parkinson’s Disease.
Javed H, Azimullah S, Haque ME, Ojha SK.
Front Neurosci. 2016 Aug 2;10:321. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00321. eCollection 2016.
Neurological aspects of medical use of cannabidiol.
Mannucci C et al.
CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. 2017 Apr 13. doi: 10.2174/1871527316666170413114210. [Epub ahead of print]
Clin Neuropharmacol. 2014 Mar-Apr;37(2):41-4. doi: 10.1097/WNF.0000000000000016.
Cannabis (medical marijuana) treatment for motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson disease: an open-label observational study.
Lotan I, Treves TA, Roditi Y, Djaldetti R.
Watch CBD Oil Transform This Former Cop With Parkinson’s in Seconds
https://www.endoca.com/blog/medical/cbd-and-parkinsons/
http://www.unitedpatientsgroup.com/blog/2013/01/06/cannabidiol-facts/
http://examine.com/supplements/Hemp+Protein/
http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2006000400001&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabidiol#cite_note-Leweke_2012-13
http://www.nature.com/tp/journal/v2/n3/full/tp201215a.html
http://www.greenbridgemed.com/2013/03/08/cannabidiol-and-schizophrenia/
http://www.europeanneuropsychopharmacology.com/article/S0924-977X%2813%2900332-5/abstract
Vitamin D3
High dose vitamin D3 (4000 IU or more) has been shown to almost completely prevent Alzheimers in some studies. It needs to be taken with a meal or a little vegetable oil (fat soluble). 4000 IU of vitamin D3 also has been shown to reduce viral infections by 90%, cancer by 70%, diabetes by 70% and heart disease by 50%.
“1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 and Resolvin D1 Retune the Balance between Amyloid-β Phagocytosis and Inflammation in Alzheimer’s Disease Patients”;Mathew T. Mizwicki, Guanghao Liu, Milan Fiala, Larry Magpantay, James Sayre, Avi Siani, Michelle Mahanian, Rachel Weitzman, Eric Hayden, Mark J. Rosenthal, Ilka Nemere, John Ringman and David B. Teplow; Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, Feb 2013; DOI: 10.3233/JAD-121735
Genetically low vitamin D concentrations and increased mortality: mendelian randomisation analysis in three large cohorts
BMJ 2014;349:g6330
Shoaib Afzal, registrar, Peter Brøndum-Jacobsen, registrar, Stig E Bojesen, Børge G Nordestgaard
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/278323.php
http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/771782
http://www.lifeextension.com/Magazine/2016/9/Vitamin-D-Offers-Hope-for-Multiple-Sclerosis/Page-01
http://archneur.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2451334
http://www.neurology.org/content/early/2014/08/06/WNL.0000000000000755.short
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4488816
Magnesium
Low magnesium can cause cognitive and memory problems. Tests often can’t give an accurate read on magnesium deficiency. The RDA is 310-420mg daily, and many people take 500-1000mg. The safer forms to take may be- citrate, taurate, malate, glycinate, chloride, carbonate.
www.naturalnews.com/046401_magnesium_dietary_supplements_nutrient_absorption.html#ixzz3THDO903K
Magnesium reduces diabetes, migraines, muscle cramps, heart deaths, bone loss, and many diseases are associated with low magnesium like mitral valve prolapse, cardiac arrythmias, migraines, ADHD, autism, anxiety, asthma, allergies, chronic Pain, fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue, muscle spasms, insomnia, twitching & tremors, swelling/edema, weak pulse, brain fog/confusion, osteoporosis.
www.naturalnews.com/046864_magnesium_mineral_deficiency_detox.html#ixzz3THFORnEE.
Magnesium is essential for using vitamins C & E, and along with zinc &
vitamin K2 directs calcium away from the arteries & to the bones where
its needed.
Fisetin
Fisetin is found in a number of plants & fruits, including cucumbers & strawberries. In dozens of studies, fisetin has been found to improve memory during aging, even in the presence of Alzheimer’s. Fisetin appears to be neuroprotective against Alzheimer’s, Huntington’s & Parkinson’s diseases as well. It is an anti-inflammatory that helps treat rheumatoid arthritis. Fisetin works against a number of cancers, especially prostate, and against the side effects of diabetes.
Neuroprotective effects of Fisetin in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases: from chemistry to medicine.
Nabavi SF, Braidy N, Habtemariam S, Sureda A, Manayi A, Nabavi SM1.
Curr Top Med Chem. 2016 Feb 4
Micronutrients and Brain Health
edited by Lester Packer, Helmut Sies, Manfred Eggersdorfer, Enrique Cadenas
Modulation of multiple pathways involved in the maintenance of neuronal function during aging by fisetin
Pamela Maher
Genes & Nutrition
December 2009, 4:297
Modulation of p25 and inflammatory pathways by fisetin maintains cognitive function in Alzheimer’s disease transgenic mice
Antonio Currais et al.
DOI: 10.1111/acel.12185
Aging Cell Volume 13, Issue 2, pages 379–390, April 2014
ERK activation by the polyphenols fisetin and resveratrol provides neuroprotection in multiple models of Huntington’s disease
Pamela Maher et al.
Hum. Mol. Genet. (2010) doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddq460
Flavonol-rich RVHxR from Rhus verniciflua Stokes and its major compound fisetin inhibits inflammation-related cytokines and angiogenic factor in rheumatoid arthritic fibroblast-like synovial cells and in vivo models
Jae-Dong Lee et al.
International Immunopharmacology
Volume 9, Issue 3, March 2009, Pages 268–276
Fisetin Lowers Methylglyoxal Dependent Protein Glycation and Limits the Complications of Diabetes.
Maher P, Dargusch R, Ehren JL, Okada S, Sharma K, Schubert D (2011)
PLoS ONE 6(6): e21226. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0021226
Ceylon cinnamon
Ceylon cinnamon may help people who are having trouble learning by increasing two chemicals that help learning/decreasing a chemical that interferes with learning. It may also help people with Parkinson’s.
Smelling cinnamon in one study improved visual-motor response speed, attentional processes, virtual recognition memory, and working memory.
Khushbu K. Modi, Suresh B. Rangasamy, Sridevi Dasarathi, Avik Roy, Kalipada Pahan. Cinnamon Converts Poor Learning Mice to Good Learners: Implications for Memory Improvement. Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, 2016; DOI: 10.1007/s11481-016-9693-6
Cognitive Enhancement Through Stimulation of the Chemical Senses
Phillip R. Zoladz and Bryan Raudenbush
North American Journal of Psychology,2005,Vol.1,”No.1, 125-140
Bacopa
Bacopa is used to treat ADHD, anxiety, brain disorders, poor memory, and to relax the mind. Ginseng is a well-known stimulant that can reduce stress, increase focus and memory, and raise metabolism and energy levels. Sage has been shown to improve memory & concentration, smelled or eaten. Gotu kola renews nerve functions and improves memory and intelligence. Rosemary stimulates the pituitary gland, improves memory, along offers a host of other benefits.
Learn more: http://www.naturalnews.com/047209_brain_health_IQ_cognitive_function.html#ixzz3G4emQKjq
Sage (Salvia officinalis and Salvia lavandulaefolia)
Ingesting sage appears to significantly improve cognition, memory, & mood. One type, Salvia officinalis, appears to work by smelling it as well.
Lopresti AL. Salvia (Sage): A Review of its Potential Cognitive-Enhancing and Protective Effects. Drugs R D. 2016 Nov 25.
Kennedy DO, Pace S, Haskell C, Okello EJ, Milne A, Scholey AB. Effects of cholinesterase inhibiting sage (Salvia officinalis) on mood, anxiety and performance on a psychological stressor battery. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2006;31(4):845–52.
Scholey AB, Tildesley NT, Ballard CG, Wesnes KA, Tasker A, Perry EK, et al. An extract of Salvia (sage) with anticholinesterase properties improves memory and attention in healthy older volunteers. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2008;198(1):127–39.
Perry NS, Bollen C, Perry EK, Ballard C. Salvia for dementia therapy: review of pharmacological activity and pilot tolerability clinical trial. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2003;75(3):651–9.
Akhondzadeh S, Noroozian M, Mohammadi M, Ohadinia S, Jamshidi AH, Khani M. Salvia officinalis extract in the treatment of patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease: a double blind, randomized and placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2003;28(1):53–9.
Tildesley NT, Kennedy DO, Perry EK, Ballard CG, Wesnes KA, Scholey AB. Positive modulation of mood and cognitive performance following administration of acute doses of Salvia lavandulaefolia essential oil to healthy young volunteers. Physiol Behav. 2005;83(5):699–709.
Tildesley NT, Kennedy DO, Perry EK, Ballard CG, Savelev S, Wesnes KA, et al. Salvia lavandulaefolia (Spanish sage) enhances memory in healthy young volunteers. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2003;75(3):669–74.
Moss L, Rouse M, Wesnes KA, Moss M. Differential effects of the aromas of Salvia species on memory and mood. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2010;25(5):388–96.
http://www.greenmedinfo.com/blog/sage-boosts-moods-memory-and-multitasking
Huperzine
Huperzine is an herb that increases concentration by increasing choline in the brain and calming overactive glutamate activity in the brain. This is what two separate types of Alzheimer’s drugs do, but in one pill and without their side effects. Huperzine helps most people’s concentration but especially people with autism, ADHD, Alzheimers, and/or schizophrenia that also have overactive glutamate. 200mg one to three times a day was what I eventually built up to that worked well. Huperzine worked very well for me. Note that if you take huperzine it is good to take supplemental choline or get it in foods it is common in, like cauliflower. You can look up what foods have the most choline. I used source naturals brand but always recommend buying in bulk (often powder) once you know it works for you.
http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-764-HUPERZINE%20A.aspx?activeIngredientId=764&activeIngredientName=HUPERZINE%20A
http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-764-HUPERZINE%20A.aspx?activeIngredientId=764&activeIngredientName=HUPERZINE%20A
http://forum.bodybuilding.com/showthread.php?t=6779761
http://www.synmr.com/index.php?ac=article&at=read&did=156
Huperzine appears safe. It may cause nausea, congestion/mucus, slow the heart & may affect seizures.
http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-764-huperzine%20a.aspx?activeingredientid=764&activeingredientname=huperzine%20a
EGCG
EGCG is found in green tea and available in supplements. It appears to reduce cognitive deficits and weight in mice fed a high fructose diet.
Yashi Mi, Guoyuan Qi, Rong Fan, Qinglian Qiao, Yali Sun, Yuqi Gao, Xuebo Liu. EGCG ameliorates high-fat– and high-fructose–induced cognitive defects by regulating the IRS/AKT and ERK/CREB/BDNF. The FASEB Journal, 2017; fj.201700400RR DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700400RR
Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. “Green tea ingredient may ameliorate memory impairment, brain insulin resistance, and obesity: New research identifies potential therapeutic intervention for memory impairment, neuroinflammation, and brain insulin resistance induced by high-fat, high-fructose diet.” ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 28 July 2017. .
Acetyl L- Carnitine
Acetyl L- Carnitine is an amino acid (its in many foods we eat) that appears to increase concentration and boosts mood (relieves depression & anxiety) and increases energy, especially for people with heart failure.
http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/htdocs/chem_background/exsumpdf/carnliposupp_508.pdf
http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-834-ACETYL-L-CARNITINE.aspx?activeIngredientId=834&activeIngredientName=ACETYL-L-CARNITINE
http://www.raysahelian.com/acetylcarnitine.html
J Psychiatr Res. 2014 Jun;53:30-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.02.005. Epub 2014 Feb 15.
A review of current evidence for acetyl-l-carnitine in the treatment of depression.
Wang SM, Han C, Lee SJ, Patkar AA, Masand PS, Pae CU
Acetyl-L-carnitine appears safe with low/little/no side effects for most people.
http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-1026-l-carnitine.aspx?activeingredientid=1026&activeingredientname=l-carnitine
Green tea extract (EGCG)
EGCG appears to increase calmness & help protect against Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. Drinking green tea has other chemicals like theanine (calmness) & caffeine (alertness) that appear to help mood and concentration.
Acute neurocognitive effects of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)
Andrew Scholey et al.
Appetite (Impact Factor: 2.69). 11/2011; 58(2):767-70. DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2011.11.016
Green Tea Catechins as Neuroprotective
Agents: Systematic Review of the Literature
in Animal Pre-Clinical Trials
Natasha Katergaris, Lisa Dufficy, Paul D. Roach and Nenad Naumovski
Advances in food technology and nutritional sciences Volume 1 : Issue 2 Article Ref. #: 1000AFTNSOJ1108
http://dx.doi.org/10.17140/AFTNSOJ-1-108
Neurological mechanisms of green tea polyphenols in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases.
Weinreb O, Mandel S, Amit T, Youdim MB.
J Nutr Biochem. 2004 Sep;15(9):506-16.
Simultaneous manipulation of multiple brain targets by green tea catechins: a potential neuroprotective strategy for Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases.
Mandel SA, Amit T, Weinreb O, Reznichenko L, Youdim MB.
CNS Neurosci Ther. 2008 Winter;14(4):352-65. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-5949.2008.00060.x.
Potential Therapeutic Properties of Green Tea Polyphenols in Parkinson’s Disease
Tianhong Pan, Joseph Jankovic, Weidong Le
Drugs & Aging August 2003, Volume 20, Issue 10, pp 711-721
Vitamin B9 (folate)
High homocysteine levels (perhaps above 8 µmol/L) may increase dementia symptoms. Many people (60% of the population, and 90% of people with depression) can’t use regular folate well which may contribute to high homocysteine levels. Taking methylfolate (methyl version of vitamin B9) may increase folate blood levels 700% higher than synthetic folate and may reduce homocysteine levels much lower. Lowering homocysteine may also reduce depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety, schizophrenia, cardiovascular disease, congestive heart failure, stroke, migraines, age-related macular degeneration, and hearing loss.
What else lowers homocysteine-
vitamin B6, vitamin B12 (methylcobalamin may be best), betaine (TMG), vitamin B2, and magnesium
n-acetyl L-cysteine (NAC)
S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe)
taurine
green vegetables, especially dark green leafy vegetables
oranges
beans
exercise
What to avoid
the prescription drugs cholestyramine, colestipol, fenofibrate, levodopa, metformin, methotrexate, niacin, nitrous oxide, pemetrexed, phenytoin, sulfasalazine
red meat and dairy products
smoking
coffee
alcohol consumption
advancing age
obesity
Reduced B Vitamin Therapy in MTHFR C677T/A1298C Patients with Major Depressive Disorder – Clinical Response Correlates with Homocysteine Reduction: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study
Arnie Mech and Andrew Farah
http://enlyterx.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/EnLyte-Clinical-Study-Reprint.pdf
https://globenewswire.com/news-release/2015/07/29/756168/10143796/en/Breakthrough-Depression-Study-Shows-42-Remission-Rate-With-EnLyte.html
http://www.drweil.com/health-wellness/body-mind-spirit/heart/elevated-homocysteine/
Vitamin B complex- methyl or coenzyme
When taken together the B-vitamins appear to increase concentration & help memory. Taking them in methyl or coenzyme form increases bioavailability for many. They may help prevent Alzheimer’s induced atrophy and slow cognitive decline and improve memory. They may have their greatest effect when taken with other supplements, and with exercise and lifestyle changes that help memory, dementia, & Alzheimer’s.
Low vitamin B12 levels can mimic dementia. Vitamin B12 is more difficult to get through food as we get older. A spray form, methylcobalamin (not ethylcobalamin), used under the toungue, appears to increase B12 levels well. This may be a useful way to treat low vitamin B12 related dementia symptoms if a person does not already take a B vitamin complex (methyl or coenzyme best).
Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) was used in one study to help reverse memory loss.
Preventing Alzheimer’s disease-related gray matter atrophy by B-vitamin treatment
Gwenaëlle Douauda et al.
PNAS, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences vol. 110 no. 23, 9523–9528, doi: 10.1073/pnas.1301816110
Cognitive and clinical outcomes of homocysteine-lowering B-vitamin treatment in mild cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled trial
Celeste A. de Jager et al.
DOI: 10.1002/gps.2758
International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry
Volume 27, Issue 6, pages 592–600, June 2012
The Role of B Vitamins in Preventing and Treating Cognitive Impairment and Decline
Martha Savaria Morris
doi: 10.3945/an.112.002535
Adv Nutr November 2012 A
Curr Alzheimer Res. 2014;11(9):844-52.
Efficacy of vitamins B supplementation on mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Li MM, Yu JT, Wang HF, Jiang T, Wang J, Meng XF, Tan CC, Wang C, Tan L.
Meditation/Yoga/Tai Chai
These three have been shown to increase neural growth, brain volume, and cognitive ability significantly.
“Yoga: Good for the Body and the Brain” by Joe Dispenza
drjoedispenza.com
Well Being Journal 7-8/2017 p 31
Near infrared therapy (NIR-A)
Near infrared therapy bulbs around 810-830nm wavelength (look for NIR-A label) appear to increase ATP energy production in tissue- reducing inflammation, speeding up healing times of injuries, wounds, & sore muscles by penetrating up to 9 inches (23cm). A 150W NIR-A infrared bulb can be bought for $10-$21 & used with a clampable lamp to target healing anywhere on the body 12 inches away for 15 minute applications every three hours. It should be pointed at bare skin as it doesn’t appear to work through clothing. Doing it more frequently or longer than 15 minutes at a time or closer than 12 inches from the lamp appears to negate the benefits. Near infrared therapy has been used by doctors and trainers for years to increase metabolism, energy, circulation, mood, concentration, endurance, strength, recovery, flexibility and reduce eye injuries & diseases, body fat, inflammation, joint & muscle pain, anxiety, depression, Alzheimer’s & Parkinson’s symptoms.
Lasers Med Sci. 2016 Jul 1. [Epub ahead of print]
What is the best moment to apply phototherapy when associated to a strength training program? A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial : Phototherapy in association to strength training.
Vanin AA et al.
Rojas JC, Gonzalez-Lima F. Low-level light therapy of the eye and brain. Eye and Brain. 2011;3:49–67.
J Clin Laser Med Surg. 2001 Dec;19(6):305-14.
Effect of NASA light-emitting diode irradiation on wound healing.
Whelan HT et al.
Ger Med Sci. 2006; 4: Doc05.
PMCID: PMC2703221
Influence of water-filtered infrared-A (wIRA) on reduction of local fat and body weight by physical exercise
Frank Möckel et al.
J Appl Physiol (1985). 2006 Jul;101(1):283-8. Epub 2006 Apr 20.
Effect of low-level laser (Ga-Al-As 655 nm) on skeletal muscle fatigue induced by electrical stimulation in rats.
Lopes-Martins RA, Marcos RL, Leonardo PS, Prianti AC Jr, Muscará MN, Aimbire F, Frigo L, Iversen VV, Bjordal JM.
ABOU-HALA, Andréia Zarzour et al. Effects of the infrared lamp illumination during the process of muscle fatigue in rats. Braz. arch. biol. technol. [online]. 2007, vol.50, n.3, pp.403-407. ISSN 1678-4324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1516-89132007000300006.
J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2002 Dec;42(4):438-45.
Effect of linear polarized near-infrared light irradiation on flexibility of shoulder and ankle joints.
Demura S, Yamaji S, Ikemoto Y.
http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2017/02/26/photobiomodulation.aspx
http://drlwilson.com/articles/SAUNALITE%20NIR%20BENEFITS.htm
THE BENEFITS OF NEAR INFRARED ENERGY by Dr. Lawrence Wilson May 2010
http://drlwilson.com/articles/sauna_therapy.htm
Alzheimer’s & near infrared therapy
In one study five patients were given intranasal and transcranial infrared (810nm) light exposure pulsed at 10Hz. After 12 weeks of treatment with no side effects, they had increased function, better sleep, fewer angry outbursts, less anxiety, and less wandering as long as the therapy continued.
A 150 watt infrared bulb used for Alzheimer’s may be best targeted on the front of the head & forehead. People wanting to avoid the eyes can use a visor. Aiming the infrared bulb on the forehead appears to improve mood & concentration for at least five hours. It has been used to decrease anxiety, improve mood & concentration & to treat Parkinson’s.
Saltmarche Anita E., Naeser Margaret A., Ho Kai Fai, Hamblin Michael R, and Lim Lew. Photomedicine and Laser Surgery. February 2017, ahead of print. doi:10.1089/pho.2016.4227.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4707222/
EFFECT OF 670-NM LIGHT-EMITTING DIODE LIGHTON NEURONAL CULTURES
Margaret T.T. Wong-Riley _ and Harry T. Whelan 2
_Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy
2Department of Neurology,
Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20030001600.pdf
Neuroreport. 2001 Oct 8;12(14):3033-7.
Light-emitting diode treatment reverses the effect of TTX on cytochrome oxidase in neurons.
Wong-Riley MT, Bai X, Buchmann E, Whelan HT.
Parkinson’s & near infrared therapy
Multiple studies appear to show that near infrared light application may help reverse some of the neuronal death in Parkinson’s.
A 150 watt infrared bulb used for Parkinson’s may be best targeted on the front of the head & forehead. People wanting to avoid the eyes can use a visor. Aiming the infrared bulb on the forehead appears to improve mood & concentration for at least five hours. It has been used to decrease anxiety, improve mood & concentration & to treat Alzheimer’s.
“Near-IR light treatment modifies cellular function, promotes cell survival, and improves outcomes in laboratory and mouse models of Parkinson’s disease”
SPIE Newsroom. 2008 Feb 24;2008:1-3.
Harnessing the cell’s own ability to repair and prevent neurodegenerative disease.
Whelan H1, Desmet K, Buchmann E, Henry M, Wong-Riley M, Eells J, Verhoeve J.
“These results strongly suggest that LED treatment may be therapeutic to neurons damaged by neurotoxins linked to Parkinson’s disease by energizing the cells and increasing their viability.”
Neuroscience. 2008 Jun 2; 153(4): 963–974.
doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.03.042
NEAR-INFRARED LIGHT VIA LIGHT-EMITTING DIODE TREATMENT IS THERAPEUTIC AGAINST ROTENONE- AND MPP+-INDUCED NEUROTOXICITY
Huan Ling Liang et al.
EFFECT OF 670-NM LIGHT-EMITTING DIODE LIGHT ON NEURONAL CULTURES
Margaret T.T. Wong-Riley _ and Harry T. Whelan 2
_Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy
2Department of Neurology,
Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20030001600.pdf
Neuroreport. 2001 Oct 8;12(14):3033-7.
Light-emitting diode treatment reverses the effect of TTX on cytochrome oxidase in neurons.
Wong-Riley MT, Bai X, Buchmann E, Whelan HT.
https://saunaspace.com/debunk-near-infrared-light-cataract-connection/
http://www.sciencealert.com/near-infrared-light-heals-eyes
Infrared therapy to improve mood & concentration, and reduce anxiety
Infrared used for improving mood & cognition appears to be best targeted on the front of the head & forehead. Aiming the infrared bulb on the forehead for 15 minutes every three hours 12 inches away appears to improve mood & concentration significantly. Doing it for longer than fifteen minutes, more than once every three hours, with a hat on, or closer than 12 inches may negate the benefits.
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for depression & anxiety.
tDCS is used by professional athletes to improve motor coordination (Golden State Warriors), pilots to improve learning, and patients to reduce pain.
tDCS for depression & anxiety is usually done with a small 9 volt battery with a circuit and dial to regulate between 0.5-2milliamps and wires with clips to two small sponges & a headband. The sponges are soaked in salt water (1cup water 1/4 ts salt works) and placed above the left eye around inch & a half above the hairline (positive red clip) at the F3 left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) about an inch & a half above the hairline above the left eyebrow (the main target for depression) and the other above the right eyebrow (negative black clip). This placement appears to stimulate an area in the brain that is understimulated and understimulate an area that is overstimulated in depression.
People usually start at 0.5 milliamps and within the session or succeeding sessions ramp it up eventually to 2 milliamps, depending on comfort & side effects. I have only noticed a buzz if the sponges are very wet at 2 milliamps. People can use a lower amperage or frequency if they experience side effects. Sponges can get very salty & conduct too strongly if not rinsed off each time.
I bought the kit off ebay for just under $80, and there are other kits available on the internet & Amazon for more money. If you know someone who has one you can ask them to meet you to try it out & see if it lifts your depression before buying it. Some people start off using it more frequently, then eventually use it less & less & until they find their best maintainance schedule. If you own the kit you can use it whenever you feel you need it, if you aren’t experiencing side effects. The clips & sponges last longer if rinsed thoroughly to get rid of the salt, and the battery replacement costs only a couple dollars for an alkaline.
People who are lefthanded may wish to try this on the other side of the head as well, if the F3 location doesn’t work, start with a shorter term so the effects won’t be as great if the normal spot doesn’t work, and put the cathode (negative, black clamp) on the opposite arm instead of right above the right eyebrow.
tDCS may be safe (but not recommended) up to 60 minutes and 4 mA, but the safe frequency of use has not been fully studied.
Contraindications/dangers are if you have open wounds at the sponge placement, seizures, are pregnant, have metal/implants in your head, have an infection in/on the head. A normal itch & tingle may occur during the treatment. Rarer chances of a headache or skin problems may be reduced with a lower amperage and/or lower frequency.
Clinical Neurophysiology Practice Volume 2, 2017, Pages 19-25
Adverse events of tDCS and tACS: A review
Hideyuki Matsumotoa et al.
Safety aspects of transcranial direct current stimulation concerning healthy subjects and patients
CsabaPoreisz et al.
Brain Research Bulletin Volume 72, Issues 4–6, 30 May 2007, Pages 208-214
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresbull.2007.01.004
Antal, A. et al. (June 2017). “Low intensity transcranial electric stimulation: Safety, ethical, legal regulatory and application guidelines”. Clinical Neurophysiology. doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2017.06.001.
Usefulness:
It works very fast, reliably, and is inexpensive per treatment. It can be used when needed and on a set schedule. Personally it worked stronger than any other treatment I’ve used for depression & anxiety, by a large amount. It is like other treatments- if it works for you, add it to your treatments and use them in combination.
Because it doesn’t take up to a month or two to work like some of the antidepressant drugs, having it available for immediate use for someone in deep depression &/or suicidal could help save a life if it works for them.
Transcranial direct current stimulation in severe, drug-resistant major depression
R.Ferruccia et al.
Journal of Affective Disorders Volume 118, Issues 1–3, November 2009, Pages 215-219
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2009.02.015
http://happierhuman.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Experimental-Neurology-219-2009-14%E2%80%9319-Treatment-of-depression-with-transcranial-direct-current-stimulation-tDCS-A-Review.pdf
Exp Neurol. 2009 Sep;219(1):14-9. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2009.03.038. Epub 2009 Apr 5.
Treatment of depression with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS): a review.
Nitsche MA, Boggio PS, Fregni F, Pascual-Leone A.
Brain Stimulation Volume 1, Issue 3, July 2008, Pages 206-223
Transcranial direct current stimulation: State of the art 2008.
Michael A.Nitsche et al.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2008.06.004
Transcranial direct current stimulation for depression: 3-week, randomised, sham-controlled trial
Colleen K. Loo, Angelo Alonzo, Donel Martin, Philip B. Mitchell, Veronica Galvez, Perminder Sachdev
The British Journal of Psychiatry Jan 2012, 200 (1) 52-59; DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.111.097634
Kalu, U., Sexton, C., Loo, C., & Ebmeier, K. (2012). Transcranial direct current stimulation in the treatment of major depression: A meta-analysis. Psychological Medicine, 42(9), 1791-1800. doi:10.1017/S0033291711003059
Transcranial direct current stimulation for major depression: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Pedro Shiozawa Felipe Fregni Isabela M. Benseñor Paulo A. Lotufo Marcelo T. Berlim Jeff Z. Daskalakis Quirino Cordeiro André. R. Brunoni
International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, Volume 17, Issue 9, 1 September 2014, Pages 1539, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1461145714000807
What placement may have quicker and stronger effects?
The F3 area an inch and a half above the hairline above the left eyebrow anode (positive, red clip) has also been paired with placing the cathode (negative, black clip) on the right shoulder (extracephalic-outside the head). There isn’t as much research, but the effects may be faster & stronger than placing the cathode above the right eyebrow.
Fronto-extracephalic transcranial direct current stimulation as a treatment for major depression: an open-label pilot study.
J Affect Disord. 2011 Nov;134(1-3):459-63. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2011.05.018.
Martin DM, Alonzo A, Mitchell PB, Sachdev P, Gálvez V, Loo CK.
IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2014 Sep;61(9):2488-98.
Comparison of cephalic and extracephalic montages for transcranial direct current stimulation–a numerical study.
Noetscher GM, Yanamadala J, Makarov SN, Pascual-Leone A.
Hypomania Induction in a Patient With Bipolar II Disorder by Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS)
Gálvez, Verònica et al.
Journal of ECT: September 2011 – Volume 27 – Issue 3 – pp 256-258
doi: 10.1097/YCT.0b013e3182012b89
Addiction & tDCS
Use of tDCS on either the left F3 or right DLPFC appears to help reduce addiction (including food) cravings across 17 studies in one meta-analysis. Perhaps the side the improves mood the most would be best overall (usually the left DLPFC). No studies used stimulation (anode) of the left DLPFC with cathode on the opposite arm) AND then stimulation of the right DLPFC with cathode on the opposite arm.
Effects of non-invasive neurostimulation on craving: a meta-analysis.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2013 Dec;37(10 Pt 2):2472-80. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.07.009. Epub 2013 Jul 31.
Jansen JM, Daams JG, Koeter MW, Veltman DJ, van den Brink W, Goudriaan AE.
ADHD & tDCS
Stimulating the F3 left DLPFC anode (the cathode should be fine attached to the sponge on the right shoulder) in one study also helped reduce impulsivity, inattention, & hyperactivity, with effects even greater after 7 days, and increased functional brain connectivity in another. Another study found a benefit stiumlating the over the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG).
Transcranial direct current stimulation improves clinical symptoms in adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Cornelia Soff et al.
J Neural Transm 2017 124:133-144
Front Cell Neurosci. 2016; 10: 72.
doi: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00072
Improving Interference Control in ADHD Patients with Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS)
Carolin Breitling et al.
Alzheimer’s & tDCS
Using tDCS to the F3 DLPFC area appeared to improve cognitive function in people with Alzheimer’s in multiple studies.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation: treatments for cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms in the neurodegenerative dementias?
Greg J Elder and John-Paul Taylor
Alzheimer’s Research & Therapy 2014, 6:74 doi:10.1186/s13195-014-0074-1
Ferrucci R, Mameli F, Guidi I, et al. Transcranial direct current stimulation improves recognition memory in Alzheimer disease. Neurology. 2008 Jun 4.
Monti A, Cogiamanian F, Marceglia S, et al. Improved naming after transcranial direct current stimulation in aphasia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2008;79(4):451-453.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2009 Apr;80(4):444-7. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.2007.141853. Epub 2008 Oct 31.
Temporal cortex direct current stimulation enhances performance on a visual recognition memory task in Alzheimer disease.
Boggio PS, Khoury LP, Martins DC, Martins OE, de Macedo EC, Fregni F.
Front Aging Neurosci. 2014; 6: 275.
10.3389/fnagi.2014.00275
A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial on the Efficacy of Cortical Direct Current Stimulation for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease
Eman M. Khedr et al.
Clin Electroencephalogr. 2003 Jul;34(3):124-39.
P300 (latency) event-related potential: an accurate predictor of memory impairment.
Braverman ER1, Blum K.
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) improves picture naming in Alzheimer Disease and Frontotemporal dementia. (P3.089)
Howard Chertkow et al.
Neurology April 18, 2017 vol. 88 no. 16 Supplement P3.089
http://www.tdcsbrainstorm.com/brainstormblog/tdcs-and-alzheimers-disease
Experimental stage:
Focused therapeutic ultrasound
A group in Australia has found that by using focused therapeutic ultrasound they were able to stimulate the brain’s waste removing microglila cells to clear out the toxic beta-amyloid clumps in Alzheimer’s with a 75% memory recovery rate in mice.
Human studies may begin in 2017.
Scanning ultrasound removes amyloid-β and restores memory in an Alzheimer’s disease mouse model
Gerhard Leinenga and Jürgen Götz
Science Translational Medicine 11 Mar 2015:
Vol. 7, Issue 278, pp. 278ra33
DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaa2512
So putting it all together, for Alzheimer’s & perhaps Parkinson’s, Lewy Body disorder, and Huntington’s-
What research shows may help the most:
Avoiding all anticholinergics
Avoid aluminum in drinking water, aluminum foil, aluminum cans, aluminum cookware, mouthwash, vaccines, and antiperspirant
Avoiding flouride, shown in 75 of 84 studies to lower learning, memory, and/or IQ by using a water filter that takes it out and using nonflouride toothpaste
Avoiding androgen deprivation therapy
tDCS- transcranial direct current stimulation
Near infrared therapy (NIR-A)
Exercising/walking after every meal
Meditation/yoga/Tai chai
Sleeping seven to eight hours a night & taking melatonin/sleeping in darkness/wearing amber glasses/using only red light at night
Brush teeth daily
Eliminating simple carbs (sugars like fructose) & flours without fiber
Eliminating gluten
Lowering saturated fat
Lowering or eliminating alcohol
Finish eating dinner three hours before bedtime & eat breakfast 12 hours after dinner at minimum
Eating organic
Eating more vegetables
Using red wine vinegar in every meal (or salad before meal)
Eating blueberries
Adding nonalkalized/nonDutch cocoa to meals
Eating dark chocolate (75% cocoa or more)
Using coconut/MCT oil
Drinking hibiscus tea before every meal
Taking naps and ginseng when stressed/tired/sick (Asian, eleuthero (Siberian), American, ashwaganda)
Exercising before and/or after meals
Taking anti-inflammatories turmeric (with a little black pepper make the curcumin bioavailable) or ginger/boswellia/bromelain/astaxanthin/resveratrol (with a meal)
Taking resveratrol in powder/tablet form or in red wine vinegar before a meal (like in salads).
Taking astaxanthin with a meal (fat soluble)
Taking at least 4000 IU of vitamin D3 with a meal (fat soluble).
Taking magnesium & zinc
Taking spirulina, the source of EPA & DHA in fish oil (with a meal that has a vegetable).
Taking caffeine (usually coffee or tea)
Taking lion’s mane mushroom
Taking vitamin B complex (methyl or coenzyme best) with methylcobalamin (vitB12)
Taking alpha lipoic acid
Taking probiotics
Taking fisetin, or eat organic cucumbers and/or strawberries.
Taking huperzine & citicholine
Taking acetyl-L-carnitine
Taking green tea or EGCG extract
Taking vitamin E (mixed tocopherols)
Taking ubiquinol (coQ10)
Taking a mixed vitamin E supplement
Taking bioidentical low dose hormone replacement therapy if symptomatic for postmenopausal women
Taking iodine if thyroid is low, thyroid meds if still necessary
Taking NAC (N-acetyl cysteine)
Taking vitamin C
Testing & fixing hearing, sight, smell, taste, touch
Testing for C reactive protein, homocysteine
Review meds for interaction effects
Test heavy metals & chelate
Maintain bone density (vitamin D3, vitamin K2, magnesium, zinc)
Sleep seven to eight hours (check for apnea) & take melatonin
Brush teeth daily, electric or water flosser & toothbrush
Vascular dementia
“Vascular dementia is caused by a series of small strokes that deprive the brain of vital oxygen. Symptoms, such as disorientation in familiar locations; walking with rapid, shuffling steps; incontinence; laughing or crying inappropriately; difficulty following instructions; and problems handling money may appear suddenly and worsen with additional strokes. High blood pressure, cigarette smoking, and high cholesterol are some of the risk factors for stroke that may be controlled to prevent vascular dementia.
Frontotemporal dementia
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) includes several disorders with a variety of symptoms. The most common signs of FTD include changes in personality and behavior, such as inappropriate or compulsive behavior, euphoria, apathy, decline in personal hygiene, and a lack of awareness concerning these changes. Some forms of FTD involve language and speech symptoms or movement changes.”
http://www.lbda.org/content/it-lbd-or-something-else
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Use this as an aide to your own research and share with your doctor as appropriate.
You can use this as an aide to your own research and share with your doctor as appropriate.
You can use drugs.com or other trusted health websites to look up the latest information on prescription drugs, herbs, foods or other treatments possible side & interaction effects.
Parkinson’s disease
What may hurt:
Pesticides
Herbicides especially paraquat, diquat, glyphosate/Roundup
Aspartame (Nutrasweet)
What may help:
High intensity exercise
Long term nicotine use (patches), Magnesium, Vitamin B12, beta blockers, Anti-seizure medications, oat straw, valerian, mannitol- a no calorie sugar
Tremor drugs- beta blockers, antiseizure medications
Dopamine neural activation-
Selegiline (under the tongue, oral causes tyramine food interactions) or rasagaline MAOI inhibitors
DLPA phenylalamine
L-tyrosine
Mucuna dopa
Everything that increases neural growth:
Alpha lipoic acid 600mg or more at wakeup & before every meal
Lion’s mane mushrooms
Blueberries
Ketogenic diet
Carnivore diet
Lion diet
Fava bean sprouts
Nicotine
Vitamin E
Gamma Knife thalamotomy (GKT)
Barley malt (extract)
Passion flower
Near infrared therapy (NIR-A)
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS)
Deep brain stimulation
Chloroquine and amodiaquine
Low dose naltrexone (LDN)
Pecans
Ceylon cinnamon
Turmeric/curcumin
Ginger
Vitamin D3
Acetyl-L-carnitine
Spirulina
Fisetin
SAM-e
Mucuna pruriens
CDP-Choline
Phosphatidylserine
Methionine
Aspirin
Kudzu
Anticholinergics
Antidepressants
CoQ10 (ubiquinol)
Gastrodin
Nicotinamide riboside
Probiotics
https://www.care2.com/greenliving/top-5-natural-remedies-to-prevent-and-treat-parkinsons-disease.html
Symptoms
5 years before a Parkinson’s disease diagnosis patients had more tremor, balance impairments, constipation, hypotension, erectile dysfunction, urinary dysfunction, dizziness, fatigue, depression, and anxiety. At 10 years before tremor and constipation were higher.
Prediagnostic presentations of Parkinson’s disease in
primary care: a case-control study
Anette Schrag, Laura Horsfall, Kate Walters, Alastair Noyce, Irene Petersen
Lancet Neurol 2014; 14: 57–64
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(14)70287-X
Pesticides
Exposure to rotenone, ziram, paraquat, and maneb at both workplaces and residences may increase PD risk substantially.
European Journal of Epidemiology
July 2011, Volume 26, Issue 7, pp 547–555
Parkinson’s disease risk from ambient exposure to pesticides
Anthony Wang, Sadie Costello, Myles Cockburn, Xinbo Zhang, Jeff Bronstein, Beate Ritz
Tanner CM, Kamel F, Ross GW, Hoppin JA, Goldman SM, Korell M, Marras C, Bhudhikanok GS, Kasten M, Chade AR, Comyns K, Richards MB, Meng C, Priestly B, Fernandez HH, Cambi F, Umbach DM, Blair A, Sandler DP, Langston JW. 2011. Rotenone, paraquat and Parkinson’s disease. Environ Health Perspect; doi:10.1289/ehp.1002839 [Online 26 January 2011].
Neurobiol Dis. 2009 May;34(2):279-90.
A highly reproducible rotenone model of Parkinson’s disease.
Cannon JR1, Tapias V, Na HM, Honick AS, Drolet RE, Greenamyre JT.
Mechanism of Toxicity in Rotenone Models of Parkinson’s Disease
Todd B. Sherer, Ranjita Betarbet, Claudia M. Testa, Byoung Boo Seo, Jason R. Richardson, Jin Ho Kim, Gary W. Miller, Takao Yagi, Akemi Matsuno-Yagi, and J. Timothy Greenamyre
The Journal of Neuroscience, November 26, 2003 23(34):10756 –10764
https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-study-finds-two-pesticides-associated-parkinsons-disease
Benzodiazepenes
Benzodiazepenes appear to cause a decrease of dopamine in the striatum, which may hasten the onset of Parkinson’s symptoms. Benzodiazepenes also increase confusion, mortality, and falls in people who are older, but especially people with Parkinson’s disease.
Surany-Cadotte, Nesteros JN, Nau NP, et al.
(1985) Parkinsonism induced by high doses of diazepam. Biol Psychiatry 20:455–457.
Ther Adv Neurol Disord. 2014 Jan; 7(1): 52–59.
doi: 10.1177/1756285613495723
PMCID: PMC3886380
Anxiety in Parkinson’s disease: identification and management
Jack J. Chencorresponding author and Laura Marsh
Aspartame (Nutrasweet)
Aspartame is an artificial sweetener found in a lot of foods, supplements, and (soda) pop. Aspartame increases the levels of phenylalanine in the brain, which is a problem for people with phenylketonuria (PKU), people who are taking levodopa, people with sleep or anxiety problems, or people taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) for depression, or people who have tardive dyskinesia (a muscle movement disorder).
More reports of people experiencing neurological problems with aspartame have been sent to the FDA than for any other food.
http://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/expert-answers/phenylalanine/faq-20058361
Periodontitus
People with Parkinson’s have more periodontitus, a strong cause of neuroinflammation. Would brushing
with the gums gently with Iorinse iodine (much stronger, no staining) & baking soda help Parkinson’s symptoms & overall health?
What helps Parkinson’s symptoms?
Speed walking
Paying conscious attention to balancing, pushing off & landing the foot when walking while holding the arm of a helper improves people with Parkinson’s ability to walk faster. Then adding the arm swing when walking alone. Increasing the speed of walking over time to the greatest safely possible appears to reverse Parkinson’s symptoms the most.
Walking with poles can be of great benefit if it increases the speed of walking. Once the person with Parkinson’s becomes good enough, walking up stairs with two handrails & a spotter behind eventually as fast as possible & then hiking on uneven surfaces eventually as fast as possible all increase motor neuron growth & reverse Parkinson’s symptoms, improve balance & prevent falls.
What is the difference between fast walking & jogging, which has a negative impact on the joints of the body & doesn’t improve health nearly as much? One foot must always be touching the ground. It should feel as if the person is barely touching the ground when walking the fastest.
The fastest speed of walking is most important, and if walking for enjoyment people can walk at their own pace then max out their speed at the end of the walk because a 30 second fastest walking burst can provide nearly the same benefit as a 5 minute moderately fast walk.
bu.edu/neurorehab/files/2014/02/The-Effect-of-Exercise-Training-in-Improving-Motor-Performace-and-Corticomotor-Excitability-in-People-with-Early-PD.pdf
reverseparkinsons.net/articles.php
Walking shoes
Shoes that are the same height from heel to ball of foot do not cause the high impact damage of shoes with elevated heels on feet, ankles, knees, hips, back & neck. People land on the midfoot (ball of foot), absorbed by the calves & getting 20% of the energy rebounded (think kangaroo). This may significantly improve the walking ability of people with Parkinson’s.
Nicotine
Long term tobacco smoking appears to prevent Parkinson’s symptoms, as does eating peppers & potato skins & tomatoes, plants with nicotine in it. So using peppers (other than chili peppers, see Alzheimer’s above) & eating potato skins & tomatoes may help prevent Parkinson’s symptoms. Anyone already smoking (regardless of Parkinson’s status) who hasn’t been able to quit should at least move to natural tobacco that doesn’t have the deadly additives in commercial cigarettes. Nicotine patches & gums don’t appear to have the same benefit for Parkinson’s treatment.
Transdermal Nicotine Treatment and Progression of Early Parkinson’s Disease
Nicholatos, J.W., Francisco, A.B., Bender, C.A. et al. Nicotine promotes neuron survival and partially protects from Parkinson’s disease by suppressing SIRT6. acta neuropathol commun 6, 120 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40478-018-0625-y
Carvajal-Oliveros, A., Domínguez-Baleón, C., Zárate, R.V. et al. Nicotine suppresses Parkinson’s disease like phenotypes induced by Synphilin-1 overexpression in Drosophila melanogaster by increasing tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine levels. Sci Rep 11, 9579 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-88910-4
Transdermal nicotine in PD
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
Mannitol
Mannitol, a sugar alcohol, has been reported as helping Parkinson’s symptoms like improved movement & sense of smell for many people. Mannitol is inexpensive & has other health benefits (helps kidney recovery). In animal studies lower doses were much more effective than higher doses. People trying it for Parkinson’s could begin at 1g/day for a week, & only increase by 1g/wk in order to find what dosage may show the most benefits for each person, which should minimize any adverse effects.
parkinsonsnewstoday.com/news/the-science-behind-mannitol-how-a-simple-sweetener-may-help-parkinsons-patients/
scienceofparkinsons.com/2018/05/30/mannitol/
Exercise
In one study people with Parkinson’s who did high intensity exercise on a treadmill (80-85% of maximum heart rate) three times a week found their symptoms stopped getting worse for the studies’ duration- six weeks.
Effect of High-Intensity Treadmill Exercise on Motor Symptoms in Patients With De Novo Parkinson Disease
A Phase 2 Randomized Clinical Trial
Margaret Schenkman et al.
JAMA Neurol. 2018;75(2):219-226. doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2017.3517
Essential tremors (hands, rarely feet)
Parkinson’s tremors often occur when hands are at rest, essential tremors often occur when hands are in motion. A DaTscan may help to distinguish between Parkinson’s & essential tremors.
Essential tremors may becaused by thyroid overactivity (easily tested), or a genetic cause. Bupropion (Wellbutrin, Zyban), caffeine, lithium, pseudoephedrine, methylphenidate (Ritalin), may cause tremors as well as mercury & lead.
Magnesium & tremors
Low magnesium can cause cognitive and memory problems. Tests often can’t give an accurate read on magnesium deficiency. The RDA is 310-420mg daily, and many people take 500-1000mg. The safer forms to take may be- citrate, taurate, malate, glycinate, chloride, carbonate.
www.naturalnews.com/046401_magnesium_dietary_supplements_nutrient_absorption.html#ixzz3THDO903K
Taking magnesium if blood levels are low appears to reduce diabetes, migraines, muscle cramps, heart deaths, bone loss, and many diseases are associated with low magnesium like mitral valve prolapse, cardiac arrythmias, migraines, ADHD, autism, anxiety, asthma, allergies, chronic Pain, fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue, muscle spasms, insomnia, twitching & tremors, swelling/edema, weak pulse, brain fog/confusion, osteoporosis.
www.naturalnews.com/046864_magnesium_mineral_deficiency_detox.html#ixzz3THFORnEE.
Magnesium is essential for using vitamins C & E, and along with zinc & vitamin K2 directs calcium away from the arteries & to the bones where its needed.
Vitamin B12 & tremors
Low vitamin B12, which vegans don’t get enough of & of which we don’t absorb enough as we get older, can cause neuropathy & tremors. Liquid methylcobalamin (not cyanocobalamin) under the toungue appears to be the best absorbed.
Taking a coenzyme or methyl B complex may help protect neuronal function as well.
Beta blockers & tremors
Normally used to treat high blood pressure, beta blockers such as propranolol (Inderal) help relieve essential tremors in some people. Beta blockers may not be an option if you have asthma or certain heart problems. Side effects may include fatigue, lightheadedness or heart problems.
Propranolol has been used for tremors successfully, but is lipophilic and nonselective (β1/β2). Lipophilic beta blockers may reach higher concentrations in the brain, & cause much more frequent neurological side effects like depression, nightmares, & hallucinations. Nonselective beta blockers can cause & exacerbate diabetes, asthma, & COPD. Starting with a low dose and using 1/4th, 1/3rd, or ½ the normal oral dose sublingually (under the toungue) or subbuccally (in the gums/cheek) may help the body adjust to the new medication & reduce or eliminate side effects.
The safest beta blockers (to avoid neurological, diabetes, and breathing side effects) may be the selective ones (β1) that don’t also cause depression or anticholinergic side effects:
acebutolol
betaxolol
bisoprolol
esmolol
nebivolol
They may not be as effective against tremors as propranolol.
Anti-seizure medications & tremors
Epilepsy drugs may be effective in people who don’t respond to beta blockers. Gabapentin (Gralise, Neurontin) and topiramate (Topamax, Qudexy XR) may help. Side effects can be drowsiness and nausea, which may be temporary. Primidone (Mysoline), a drug used to treat seizures, may help. Side affects can be drowsiness, problems concentrating, nausea, problems with walking, balance, and problems with coordination.
Botox & tremors
Botox injections in the hand may reduce tremors by weakening local muscles.
Gamma Knife thalamotomy (GKT)
GKT used to destroy a section of the thalamus has been shown in some studies to help reduce tremors by over 50% and improve functioning over 70%.
High intensity ultrasound (HIU)
HIU has preliminarily been used to destroy that portion of the thalamus through the skull without surgery.
http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/essential-tremor/diagnosis-treatment/treatment/txc-20177855
http://health.usnews.com/health-news/patient-advice/articles/2015/11/11/the-truth-about-essential-tremor-its-not-just-a-case-of-nerves
Calcium channel blockers for tremors & Parkinson’s
Calcium channel blockers have been shown to help prevent & lower tremors in people with Parkinson’s in a study, & in a couple of studies to cause or increase essential & Parkinson’s tremors.
American Journal of Epidemiology
Use of Calcium Channel Blockers and Parkinson’s Disease
Björn Pasternak; Henrik Svanström; Nete M. Nielsen; Lars Fugger; Mads Melbye; Anders Hviid
Disclosures
Am J Epidemiol. 2012;175(7):627-635.
Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 1998 Dec;4(4):211-4.
Calcium channel blocker-induced parkinsonism: clinical features and comparisons with Parkinson’s disease.
García-Ruiz PJ1, Javier Jiménez-Jiménez F, García de Yébenes J.
Eur Neurol. 1987;27(2):114-9.
Calcium channel blockers and essential tremor.
Topaktas S, Onur R, Dalkara T.
Antianxiety techniques, herbs, & medications may help anxiety induced tremors that don’t appear to cause addiction or respiratory depression.
Meditation, delta binaural beats, lavender oil, lemon oil, magnesium, valerian, theanine, gaba, magnolia bark, chamomille, glycine, lemon balm, passionflower may all help anxiety. Passionflower may help Parkinson’s physical symptoms as well.
Melatonin, honey, tart cherries, licorice & tree silk may help sleep.
http://www.tbyil.com/Parkinsons_Disease.htm
Vitamin E
In one study one form of vitamin E, alpha tocopherol at 2000 IU, significantly (19%) slowed Parkinsons decline and even need for caregiver time vs memantine or placebo.
Effect of Vitamin E and Memantine on Functional Decline in Alzheimer DiseaseThe TEAM-AD VA Cooperative Randomized Trial
Maurice W. Dysken et al.
JAMA. 2014;311(1):33-44. doi:10.1001/jama.2013.282834
Herbal treatments for tremor
Barley malt, passion flower, oat straw, valerian
Barley malt (extract) and passion flower may increase dopamine in the brain. Oat straw and valerian may help tremors.
Fava bean sprouts
Fava beans may help provide relief from tremors in Parkinson’s. Fava bean sprouts contain an even higher amount of L-dopa, and are much cheaper than L-dopa by prescription. They also have choline and lecithin. The both enhance and give additional benefits to movement that L-dopa does.
Improved health-relevant functionality in dark germinated Mucuna pruriens (Fava Bean) sprouts by elicitation with peptide and phytochemical elicitors.
Bioresour Technol. 2009 Oct;100(19):4507-14. Epub 2009 May 19 Randhir R, Kwon YI, Shetty K. Department of Food Science, Chenoweth Laboratory, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
L-DOPA and Total Phenolic Stimulation in Dark Germinated Fava Bean in Response to Peptide and Phytochemical Elicitors
Process Biochemistry Volume 37, Issue 11 , June 2002, Pages 1247-1256 Reena Randhir, Preethi Shetty and Kalidas Shetty Department of Food Science, Chenoweth Laboratory, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
http://www.favabeans.parkinsonsrecovery.com
http://www.isga-sprouts.org/2014/04/fava-bean-sprouts-and-parkinsons-disease/
MAO Inhibitors (MAOI) for Parkinson’s & LBD
Traditional MAOIs inhibit both the A type & the B type in the small intestine when taken orally. Inhibiting the A type can cause very high blood pressure spikes if also eating foods with tyramine (chocolate, wine, cheese, bananas). Two newer MAOIs at lower doses only appear to inhibit the B type, which increases dopamine only and don’t appear to trigger the “cheese effect”. The other way to avoid the cheese effect appears to be by taking MAOIs under the toungue or by skin patch to avoid passing through the small intestine.
Starting the MAOIs selegiline (Eldepryl) & rasagaline (Azilect) are both apparently equally effective for early Parkinson’s in delaying time to levodopa usage & cutting in half the amount of levodopa needed after it is initiated in people with Parkinson’s and reducing “off” time (when the benefits of levodopa run out) as well as stopping dyskinesias when initiated early & helping with motor fluctuations possibly throughout the course of the disease. The earlier they are started after the diagnosis the more effective they appear to be throughout.
Low doses appear to be neuroprotective and slow the progression of Parkinson’s, higher doses don’t. Low doses also appear to extend life by 40% and slow the aging process even for people without Parkinsons by keeping dopamine levels much higher. Starting at 45 years old people’s dopamine levels drop 13% every ten years. These two selective MAOIs appear to keep dopamine levels much higher and reduce infirmity & Parkinsons like “shuffle” when older.
Selegiline
Selegiline appears to be effective against Parkinson’s and neuroprotective and extend the life of animals given it significantly but only at lower dosages, and may be negative over the long term at higher dosages. Starting dosage may be 5mg 2x per week orally (or 2.5mg sublingually) and might only need to be increased until dyskinesia (involuntary movement) symptoms stop or until the maximum benefit to reducing the amount of levodopa needed and/or reducing of “off” time is found. Studies finding selegiline less effective for LBD than Parkinsons may have used a much higher dosage or started it much later.
When selegiline is taken sublingually (it can be crushed first manually or by the teeth or just taken whole under the toungue) about half the dosage (half a 5mg tablet) may be needed for the same effect. Taking it under the toungue appears to prevent it from metabolizing in the liver into an amphetamine byproduct (that doesn’t appear to have any significant clinical side effects). This can show up on drug tests unless the test that distinguishes the d (selegiline metabolite) vs l (other type).
Because selegiline is only $40 for 60 tablets, and only two tablets are needed per week for the above benefits, it actually only costs $5 a month for the benefit, $2.50 if half a tablet is taken sublingually 2x a week.
Zelapar is a formulation of selegiline intended to dissolve quickly in the mouth, but can be $2000 for a months worth vs $40 (with Goodrx.com) for a month of the Eldepryl tablet that appears to dissolve just fine under the tongue both with or without crushing first.
Rasagiline
Rasagaline, like selegiline, appears to be neuroprotective & disease modifying but only at lower dosages (1mg per day instead of 2mg). Rasagiline is usually around $500 per month before insurance but only $200 with goodrx.com without insurance.
A Closer Look at Parkinson’s Therapies
An update by Practical Neurology (11-12/2013)
By Zac Haughn, Senior Associate Editor
http://practicalneurology.com/2013/12/a-closer-look-at-parkinsons-therapies¢er=35
Zhuo, C. et al. Comparison for Efficacy and Tolerability among Ten Drugs for Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease: A Network Meta-Analysis. Sci. Rep. 7, 45865; doi: 10.1038/srep45865 (2017).
Eating a ketogenic diet helps Parkinson’s & Alzheimer’s symptoms
A ketogenic diet is higher in fats & lower in carbohydrates. I’ve found the best effect by drinking a glass of water before eating, with no water after for an hour. I eat carbs first, then exercise (intensively if possible, walk if not), then eat only high fat foods for the rest of the meal. That seems to put me into ketosis very fast. Using coconut or especially (2x better) MCT oil also helps.
Behav Pharmacol. 2006 Sep; 17(5-6): 431–439.
PMCID: PMC2367001
NIHMSID: NIHMS42857
Neuroprotective and disease-modifying effects of the ketogenic diet
Maciej Gasior, Michael A. Rogawski, and Adam L. Hartmana
J Lipid Res. 2014 Sep;55(9):1818-26. doi: 10.1194/jlr.R046599. Epub 2014 Mar 5.
Ketone body therapy: from the ketogenic diet to the oral administration of ketone ester.
Hashim SA, VanItallie TB
http://fitness.mercola.com/sites/fitness/archive/2015/01/16/parkinsons-disease-intermittent-fasting-exercise.aspx
Near infrared therapy (NIR-A)
Near infrared therapy bulbs around 810-830nm wavelength (look for NIR-A label) appear to increase ATP energy production in tissue- reducing inflammation, speeding up healing times of injuries, wounds, & sore muscles by penetrating up to 9 inches (23cm). A 150W NIR-A infrared bulb can be bought for $10-$21 & used with a clampable lamp to target healing anywhere on the body for 15 minute applications every three hours. Doing it too frequently appears to negate the benefits. It can be used close enough to warm the skin but without burning/overheating it. Near infrared therapy has been used by doctors and trainers for years to apparently increase metabolism, energy, circulation, endurance, strength, recovery, flexibility and reduce body fat, inflammation, and joint & muscle pain as well as to reduce anxiety, increase mood & concentration, and treat Alzheimer’s & Parkinson’s.
Parkinson’s & near infrared therapy
Multiple studies appear to show that near infrared light application may help reverse some of the neuronal death in Parkinson’s.
Infrared used for Parkinson’s may be best targeted on the front of the head & forehead, but not hitting the eyes. Avoiding line of sight is important as the eyes need to be protected against direct high intensity infrared light. Aiming the infrared bulb on the front of the top of the head & the forehead but high enough to be out of sight of the eyes for 15 minutes appears to improve mood & concentration for at least five hours. It has been used to decrease anxiety, improve mood & concentration & to treat Parkinson’s.
“Near-IR light treatment modifies cellular function, promotes cell survival, and improves outcomes in laboratory and mouse models of Parkinson’s disease”
SPIE Newsroom. 2008 Feb 24;2008:1-3.
Harnessing the cell’s own ability to repair and prevent neurodegenerative disease.
Whelan H1, Desmet K, Buchmann E, Henry M, Wong-Riley M, Eells J, Verhoeve J.
“These results strongly suggest that LED treatment may be therapeutic to neurons damaged by neurotoxins linked to Parkinson’s disease by energizing the cells and increasing their viability.”
Neuroscience. 2008 Jun 2; 153(4): 963–974.
doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.03.042
NEAR-INFRARED LIGHT VIA LIGHT-EMITTING DIODE TREATMENT IS THERAPEUTIC AGAINST ROTENONE- AND MPP+-INDUCED NEUROTOXICITY
Huan Ling Liang et al.
EFFECT OF 670-NM LIGHT-EMITTING DIODE LIGHT ON NEURONAL CULTURES
Margaret T.T. Wong-Riley _ and Harry T. Whelan 2
_Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy
2Department of Neurology,
Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20030001600.pdf
Neuroreport. 2001 Oct 8;12(14):3033-7.
Light-emitting diode treatment reverses the effect of TTX on cytochrome oxidase in neurons.
Wong-Riley MT, Bai X, Buchmann E, Whelan HT.
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for depression & anxiety.
tDCS is used by professional athletes to improve motor coordination (Golden State Warriors), pilots to improve learning, and patients to reduce pain.
tDCS for depression & anxiety is usually done with a small 9 volt battery with a circuit and dial to regulate between 0.5-2milliamps and wires with clips to two small sponges & a headband. The sponges are soaked in salt water (1cup water 1/4 ts salt works) and placed above the left eye around inch & a half above the hairline (positive red clip) at the F3 left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) about an inch & a half above the hairline above the left eyebrow (the main target for depression) and the other above the right eyebrow (negative black clip). This placement appears to stimulate an area in the brain that is understimulated and understimulate an area that is overstimulated in depression.
People usually start at 0.5 milliamps and within the session or succeeding sessions ramp it up eventually to 2 milliamps, depending on comfort & side effects. I have only noticed a buzz if the sponges are very wet at 2 milliamps. People can use a lower amperage or frequency if they experience side effects. Sponges can get very salty & conduct too strongly if not rinsed off each time.
I bought the kit off ebay for just under $80, and there are other kits available on the internet & Amazon for more money. If you know someone who has one you can ask them to meet you to try it out & see if it lifts your depression before buying it. Some people start off using it more frequently, then eventually use it less & less & until they find their best maintainance schedule. If you own the kit you can use it whenever you feel you need it, if you aren’t experiencing side effects. The clips & sponges last longer if rinsed thoroughly to get rid of the salt, and the battery replacement costs only a couple dollars for an alkaline.
People who are lefthanded may wish to try this on the other side of the head as well, if the F3 location doesn’t work, start with a shorter term so the effects won’t be as great if the normal spot doesn’t work, and put the cathode (negative, black clamp) on the opposite arm instead of right above the right eyebrow.
tDCS may be safe (but not recommended) up to 60 minutes and 4 mA, but the safe frequency of use has not been fully studied.
Contraindications/dangers are if you have open wounds at the sponge placement, seizures, are pregnant, have metal/implants in your head, have an infection in/on the head. A normal itch & tingle may occur during the treatment. Rarer chances of a headache or skin problems may be reduced with a lower amperage and/or lower frequency.
Clinical Neurophysiology Practice Volume 2, 2017, Pages 19-25
Adverse events of tDCS and tACS: A review
Hideyuki Matsumotoa et al.
Safety aspects of transcranial direct current stimulation concerning healthy subjects and patients
CsabaPoreisz et al.
Brain Research Bulletin Volume 72, Issues 4–6, 30 May 2007, Pages 208-214
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresbull.2007.01.004
Antal, A. et al. (June 2017). “Low intensity transcranial electric stimulation: Safety, ethical, legal regulatory and application guidelines”. Clinical Neurophysiology. doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2017.06.001.
Usefulness:
It works very fast, reliably, and is inexpensive per treatment. It can be used when needed and on a set schedule. Personally it worked stronger than any other treatment I’ve used for depression & anxiety, by a large amount. It is like other treatments- if it works for you, add it to your treatments and use them in combination.
Because it doesn’t take up to a month or two to work like some of the antidepressant drugs, having it available for immediate use for someone in deep depression &/or suicidal could help save a life if it works for them.
Transcranial direct current stimulation in severe, drug-resistant major depression
R.Ferruccia et al.
Journal of Affective Disorders Volume 118, Issues 1–3, November 2009, Pages 215-219
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2009.02.015
http://happierhuman.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Experimental-Neurology-219-2009-14%E2%80%9319-Treatment-of-depression-with-transcranial-direct-current-stimulation-tDCS-A-Review.pdf
Exp Neurol. 2009 Sep;219(1):14-9. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2009.03.038. Epub 2009 Apr 5.
Treatment of depression with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS): a review.
Nitsche MA, Boggio PS, Fregni F, Pascual-Leone A.
Brain Stimulation Volume 1, Issue 3, July 2008, Pages 206-223
Transcranial direct current stimulation: State of the art 2008.
Michael A.Nitsche et al.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2008.06.004
Transcranial direct current stimulation for depression: 3-week, randomised, sham-controlled trial
Colleen K. Loo, Angelo Alonzo, Donel Martin, Philip B. Mitchell, Veronica Galvez, Perminder Sachdev
The British Journal of Psychiatry Jan 2012, 200 (1) 52-59; DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.111.097634
Kalu, U., Sexton, C., Loo, C., & Ebmeier, K. (2012). Transcranial direct current stimulation in the treatment of major depression: A meta-analysis. Psychological Medicine, 42(9), 1791-1800. doi:10.1017/S0033291711003059
Transcranial direct current stimulation for major depression: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Pedro Shiozawa Felipe Fregni Isabela M. Benseñor Paulo A. Lotufo Marcelo T. Berlim Jeff Z. Daskalakis Quirino Cordeiro André. R. Brunoni
International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, Volume 17, Issue 9, 1 September 2014, Pages 1539, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1461145714000807
What placement may have quicker and stronger effects?
The F3 area an inch and a half above the hairline above the left eyebrow anode (positive, red clip) has also been paired with placing the cathode (negative, black clip) on the right shoulder (extracephalic-outside the head). There isn’t as much research, but the effects may be faster & stronger than placing the cathode above the right eyebrow.
Fronto-extracephalic transcranial direct current stimulation as a treatment for major depression: an open-label pilot study.
J Affect Disord. 2011 Nov;134(1-3):459-63. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2011.05.018.
Martin DM, Alonzo A, Mitchell PB, Sachdev P, Gálvez V, Loo CK.
IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2014 Sep;61(9):2488-98.
Comparison of cephalic and extracephalic montages for transcranial direct current stimulation–a numerical study.
Noetscher GM, Yanamadala J, Makarov SN, Pascual-Leone A.
Hypomania Induction in a Patient With Bipolar II Disorder by Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS)
Gálvez, Verònica et al.
Journal of ECT: September 2011 – Volume 27 – Issue 3 – pp 256-258
doi: 10.1097/YCT.0b013e3182012b89
Addiction & tDCS
Use of tDCS on either the left F3 or right DLPFC appears to help reduce addiction (including food) cravings across 17 studies in one meta-analysis. Perhaps the side the improves mood the most would be best overall (usually the left DLPFC). No studies used stimulation (anode) of the left DLPFC with cathode on the opposite arm) AND then stimulation of the right DLPFC with cathode on the opposite arm.
Effects of non-invasive neurostimulation on craving: a meta-analysis.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2013 Dec;37(10 Pt 2):2472-80. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.07.009. Epub 2013 Jul 31.
Jansen JM, Daams JG, Koeter MW, Veltman DJ, van den Brink W, Goudriaan AE.
ADHD & tDCS
Stimulating the F3 left DLPFC anode (the cathode should be fine attached to the sponge on the right shoulder) in one study also helped reduce impulsivity, inattention, & hyperactivity, with effects even greater after 7 days, and increased functional brain connectivity in another. Another study found a benefit stiumlating the over the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG).
Transcranial direct current stimulation improves clinical symptoms in adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Cornelia Soff et al.
J Neural Transm 2017 124:133-144
Front Cell Neurosci. 2016; 10: 72.
doi: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00072
Improving Interference Control in ADHD Patients with Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS)
Carolin Breitling et al.
Schizophrenia/Hallucination & tDCS
People with schizophrenia round a significant reduction in audio hallucination for three months with stimulation of the DLPFC (anode) and the cathode over the left temporo-parietal cortex.
Examining Transcranial Direct-Current Stimulation (tDCS) as a Treatment for Hallucinations in Schizophrenia
Jerome Brunelin, et al.
The American Journal of Psychiatry Volume 169, Issue 7, July 2012, pp. 719-724
https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.11071091
One review found a significant reduction in auditory hallucinations, negative symptoms, & cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia in multiple studies.
Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Schizophrenia
Clin Psychopharmacol Neurosci. 2013 Dec; 11(3): 118–125. doi: 10.9758/cpn.2013.11.3.118
Sri Mahavir Agarwal, Venkataram Shivakumar, Anushree Bose, Aditi Subramaniam, Hema Nawani, Harleen Chhabra, Sunil V. Kalmady, Janardhanan C. Narayanaswamy, and Ganesan Venkatasubramanian
Parkinson’s disease and tDCS
Parkinson’s disease patients found an improvement in their working memory when a 2mA anode was applied to the DLPFC (the cathode should be fine attached to the sponge on the right shoulder).
Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on working memory in patients with Parkinson’s disease
Paulo S.Boggiob et al.
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Volume 249, Issue 1, 1 November 2006, Pages 31-38
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jns.2006.05.062
People with Parkinson’s disease had an improvement in their gait & bradykinesia with tDCS.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2010 Oct;81(10):1105-11. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.2009.202556.
Transcranial direct current stimulation for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease.
Benninger DH1, Lomarev M, Lopez G, Wassermann EM, Li X, Considine E, Hallett M.
Deep brain stimulation
Deep brain stimulation can help Parkinson’s & essential tremors. With Parkinson’s it may work best for people whom the drugs still help.
Cannabidiol (CBD) for Parkinson’, Alzheimer’s, Huntington’s, & Lewy body disorder hallucinations, movement, & neuroprotection
One surprising treatment of schizophrenic hallucinations is cannabidiol (CBD), which comes from hemp (marijuana with no/trace THC). The marijuana plant evolved to cause hallucinations so animals would eat it & distribute its seeds far & wide. The compound, THC, that it evolved to cause hallucinations is often not pleasant by itself, as people who take marinol (synthesized THC) by prescription often report. So the marijuana plant evolved another cannabanoid, cannabidiol, to take the edge off the hallucinations. Turns out, when people take cannabidiol by itself, it can be a powerful anti-hallucinogen.
Marijuana itself can have low CBD because THC competes with it for the plant’s resources, and people who smoke marijuana often want higher THC than the CBD. Hemp has the most CBD as it doesn’t have to compete with THC. Hemp oil with CBD is completely legal to buy & possess in all of the USA, because if its negligible THC content. People often get confused between the legality in buying hemp products and the illegality of buying marijuana.
Some people with Parkinson’s who take CBD report a significant improvement in their movement. It also appears to be significantly neuroprotective and slow or stop neurodegeneration.
The other benefits of cannabidiol are:
Antiepileptic/anticonvulsant-it can work in people unresponsive to other drugs for uncontrolled seizures
Helps sleep in people with Parkinson’s & Lewy Body disorder
Low dose it’s alerting & high dose it’s sleep increasing
Anti-inflammatory
Anxiolytic (antianxiety)
Anti-emetic (antinausea)
Analgesic
Anticancer
Immunomodulator-improves immune action against threats & reduces auto-immune disorders
Helps against IBD and Crohn’s Disease
Neuroprotectant
Antioxidant
It may help Alzheimer’s, Parkinsons, Huntington’s, Lewy Body disorder, cerebral ischemia, brain and nerve damage from strokes.
https://www.projectcbd.org/parkinsons-disease
Effects of cannabidiol in the treatment of patients with Parkinson’s disease: an exploratory double-blind trial.
Chagas MH1, Zuardi AW, Tumas V, Pena-Pereira MA, Sobreira ET, Bergamaschi MM, dos Santos AC, Teixeira AL, Hallak JE, Crippa JA.
J Psychopharmacol. 2014 Nov;28(11):1088-98. doi: 10.1177/0269881114550355. Epub 2014 Sep 18.
Prospects for cannabinoid therapies in basal ganglia disorders.
Fernández-Ruiz J, Moreno-Martet M, Rodríguez-Cueto C, Palomo-Garo C, Gómez-Cañas M, Valdeolivas S, Guaza C, Romero J, Guzmán M, Mechoulam R, Ramos JA.
Br J Pharmacol. 2011 Aug;163(7):1365-78. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01365.x.
Evaluation of the neuroprotective effect of cannabinoids in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease: importance of antioxidant and cannabinoid receptor-independent properties.
García-Arencibia M, González S, de Lago E, Ramos JA, Mechoulam R, Fernández-Ruiz J.
Brain Res. 2007 Feb 23;1134(1):162-70. Epub 2006 Dec 28.
Cannabinoids provide neuroprotection against 6-hydroxydopamine toxicity in vivo and in vitro: relevance to Parkinson’s disease.
Lastres-Becker I, Molina-Holgado F, Ramos JA, Mechoulam R, Fernández-Ruiz J.
Neurobiol Dis. 2005 Jun-Jul;19(1-2):96-107.
Cannabidiol can improve complex sleep-related behaviours associated with rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder in Parkinson’s disease patients: a case series.
Chagas MH, Eckeli AL, Zuardi AW, Pena-Pereira MA, Sobreira-Neto MA, Sobreira ET, Camilo MR, Bergamaschi MM, Schenck CH, Hallak JE, Tumas V, Crippa JA.
J Clin Pharm Ther. 2014 Oct;39(5):564-6. doi: 10.1111/jcpt.12179. Epub 2014 May 21.
Cannabidiol for the treatment of psychosis in Parkinson’s disease.
Zuardi AW, Crippa JA, Hallak JE, Pinto JP, Chagas MH, Rodrigues GG, Dursun SM, Tumas V.
J Psychopharmacol. 2009 Nov;23(8):979-83. doi: 10.1177/0269881108096519. Epub 2008 Sep 18.
Evaluation of the neuroprotective effect of cannabinoids in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease: importance of antioxidant and cannabinoid receptor-independent properties.
García-Arencibia M, González S, de Lago E, Ramos JA, Mechoulam R, Fernández-Ruiz J.
Brain Res. 2007 Feb 23;1134(1):162-70. Epub 2006 Dec 28.
Symptom-relieving and neuroprotective effects of the phytocannabinoid Δ⁹-THCV in animal models of Parkinson’s disease.
García C, Palomo-Garo C, García-Arencibia M, Ramos J, Pertwee R, Fernández-Ruiz J.
Br J Pharmacol. 2011 Aug;163(7):1495-506. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01278.x.
Therapeutic potential of cannabinoids in CNS disease.
Croxford JL.
CNS Drugs. 2003;17(3):179-202.
Cannabinoid Type 2 (CB2) Receptors Activation Protects against Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation Associated Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration in Rotenone Model of Parkinson’s Disease.
Javed H, Azimullah S, Haque ME, Ojha SK.
Front Neurosci. 2016 Aug 2;10:321. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00321. eCollection 2016.
Neurological aspects of medical use of cannabidiol.
Mannucci C et al.
CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. 2017 Apr 13. doi: 10.2174/1871527316666170413114210. [Epub ahead of print]
Clin Neuropharmacol. 2014 Mar-Apr;37(2):41-4. doi: 10.1097/WNF.0000000000000016.
Cannabis (medical marijuana) treatment for motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson disease: an open-label observational study.
Lotan I, Treves TA, Roditi Y, Djaldetti R.
Watch CBD Oil Transform This Former Cop With Parkinson’s in Seconds
https://www.endoca.com/blog/medical/cbd-and-parkinsons/
http://www.unitedpatientsgroup.com/blog/2013/01/06/cannabidiol-facts/
http://examine.com/supplements/Hemp+Protein/
http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2006000400001&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabidiol#cite_note-Leweke_2012-13
http://www.nature.com/tp/journal/v2/n3/full/tp201215a.html
http://www.greenbridgemed.com/2013/03/08/cannabidiol-and-schizophrenia/
http://www.europeanneuropsychopharmacology.com/article/S0924-977X%2813%2900332-5/abstract
Chloroquine and amodiaquine
Chloroquine and amodiaquine, both antimalaria drugs, work by activating the hormone receptor Nurr1 which helps the brain grow & protect dopamine neurons. In a study they activated Nurr1 better than 1000 other drugs. Chloroquine and amodiaquine then improved symptoms in rats with induced Parkinson’s-like symptoms but without Parkinson’s drugs common side effects.
Kim C-H, Han B-S, Moon J, et al. Nuclear Receptor Nurr1 Agonists Enhance Its Dual Functions and Improve Behavioral Deficits in an Animal Model of Parkinson’s Disease. (2015) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 112:8756-8761 http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1509742112
Amodiaquine is used as a treatment for malaria but no longer for prevention because it can cause liver failure.
Chloroquine is sometimes used off label for autoimmune disorders like rheumatoid arthritis and lupus.
Chloroquine is relatively well-tolerated medicine. The most common side effects of stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, blurred vision and headache can be lessened if taken with food. The doctor should be consulted if there are any changes in vision, mood, skin, muscle, itching, irregular heartbeat or dizziness or signs of a serious or long lasting infection.
http://www.cdc.gov/malaria/resources/pdf/fsp/drugs/chloroquine.pdf
http://www.medicinenet.com/chloroquine-oral/page3.htm
http://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-8633/chloroquine-oral/details#side-effects
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26124091
Abstract
“Parkinson’s disease (PD), primarily caused by selective degeneration of midbrain dopamine (mDA) neurons, is the most prevalent movement disorder, affecting 1-2% of the global population over the age of 65. Currently available pharmacological treatments are largely symptomatic and lose their efficacy over time with accompanying severe side effects such as dyskinesia. Thus, there is an unmet clinical need to develop mechanism-based and/or disease-modifying treatments. Based on the unique dual role of the nuclear orphan receptor Nurr1 for development and maintenance of mDA neurons and their protection from inflammation-induced death, we hypothesize that Nurr1 can be a molecular target for neuroprotective therapeutic development for PD. Here we show successful identification of Nurr1 agonists sharing an identical chemical scaffold, 4-amino-7-chloroquinoline, suggesting a critical structure-activity relationship. In particular, we found that two antimalarial drugs, amodiaquine and chloroquine stimulate the transcriptional function of Nurr1 through physical interaction with its ligand binding domain (LBD). Remarkably, these compounds were able to enhance the contrasting dual functions of Nurr1 by further increasing transcriptional activation of mDA-specific genes and further enhancing transrepression of neurotoxic proinflammatory gene expression in microglia. Importantly, these compounds significantly improved behavioral deficits in 6-hydroxydopamine lesioned rat model of PD without any detectable signs of dyskinesia-like behavior. These findings offer proof of principle that small molecules targeting the Nurr1 LBD can be used as a mechanism-based and neuroprotective strategy for PD.”
http://www.pdf.org/en/science_news/release/pr_1437674295
Zonisamide & Parkinon’s
Zonasimide is a seizure reducing drug that also appears to lower motor symptoms, tardive dyskinesia, & migraines.
Low dose naltrexone (LDN)
Low dose naltrexone is the term used for a 3-6mg dose of naltrexone, which is usually dosed starting at 50mg for opiate & alcohol addiction, taken at night before bedtime as it helps sleep. LDN is an opiate antagonist, which appears to trigger the brain to increase its own naturally occuring opiods, including OGF. Low dose naltrexone (3-5mg, regular dose is 50mg) reduces fatigue in the short term for people with Parkinsons.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1933721310000681
Many people have reported immediate movement improvements, & some people have seen a reversal of degeneration in Parkinsons when using LDN over a long period of usage.
http://www.blog.parkinsonsrecovery.com/category/low-dose-naltrexone/
https://www.createspace.com/4666930
Low Dose Naltrexone as Treatment for optimal Parkinsons Recovery
http://www.allaboutparkinsons.com/forum/showthread.php?t=2174
Low dose naltrexone has been found to be uniquely effective in treating pathological gambling as a side effect of antiParkinsons drugs.
http://journals.lww.com/clinicalneuropharm/Abstract/2012/05000/Opioid_Antagonist_Naltrexone_for_the_Treatment_of.4.aspx
Clinical Neuropharmacology:
May/June 2012 – Volume 35 – Issue 3 – p 118–120
doi: 10.1097/WNF.0b013e31824d529b
Opioid Antagonist Naltrexone for the Treatment of Pathological Gambling in Parkinson Disease
Bosco, Domenico MD*; Plastino, Massimiliano MD*; Colica, Carmela PhD†; Bosco, Francesca PhD‡; Arianna, Spanò PhD‡; Vecchio, Antonino MD§; Galati, Francesco MD§; Cristiano, Dario MD*; Consoli, Arturo MD∥; Consoli, Domenico MD§
Low dose naltrexone appears to help a wide variety of health problems like Crohn’s diseases, multiple sclerosis, and fibromyalgia having the best research. It appears to work also as an immune modulator, helping against cancer while lowering the symptoms of autoimmune diseases.
http://www.ldnscience.org/low-dose-naltrexone/what-is-ldn-used-for
http://www.ldnresearchtrust.org/node/184
http://www.lowdosenaltrexone.org/ldn_and_ai.htm
I take low dose naltrexone for a health issue and it works very well, and I am very sensitive to medicinal effects. It needs to be taken at night, and it helps sleep a bit.
Pecans
Pecans appear to help slow the progression of ALS and motor neuron diseases in one review.
Effects of Nutritional Supplementation on the Progression of Motor Neuron Degeneration in a Murine Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis by JJ Suchy
http://ctnr.newcenturyhealthpublishers.com/about/pdf/issue_8_1.pdf
Ceylon cinnamon
Ceylon cinnamon may help people who are having trouble learning by increasing two chemicals that help learning/decreasing a chemical that interferes with learining. It may also help people with Parkinson’s.
Khushbu K. Modi, Suresh B. Rangasamy, Sridevi Dasarathi, Avik Roy, Kalipada Pahan. Cinnamon Converts Poor Learning Mice to Good Learners: Implications for Memory Improvement. Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology, 2016; DOI: 10.1007/s11481-016-9693-6
Turmeric/curcumin
Turmeric is a Cox-2 inhibitor anti-inflammatory that works to prevent and treat Parkinson’s disease in part by reducing inflammation. Curcumin is the chemical in the turmeric with many of its main benefits. Tumeric has to be taken with a little black pepper (piperine) 3mg to each gram of tumeric to be effective.
http://www.translationalneurodegeneration.com/content/1/1/16
http://www.life-enhancement.com/magazine/article/995-turmeric-is-the-spice-of-life
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0891584907007903
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2781139/
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3665200/
http://www.eurekaselect.com/76132/article click on download
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22211691
Turmeric also treats depression by working on the MAOI system to immediately improve mood very quickly in many people. It also significantly lowers or stops inflammation, arthritis, cancer, diabetes, gastrointestinal, cholesterol, pain, Alzheimers, Parkinsons, and often ends the need for or stops the side effects of steroids taken for inflammation.
http://www.medwirenews.com/62/90999/Thrombosis/Turmeric_extract_shows_antiplatelet_activity.html
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Thromb+Res+127%3A111-118%2C+2011
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006295299002063
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0049384810006031
http://draxe.com/turmeric-benefits/
Ginger
Ginger is a Cox-2 inhibitor anti-inflammatory like turmeric and has most of the same benefits. A lot of people buy the ginger & turmeric in bulk and put them into separate capsules to save money (see video).
http://supplementsos.com/blog/save-money-by-filling-your-own-supplement-capsules/
How to use
It’s easiest to start using turmeric & ginger by buying a bottle of each pre-encapsulated. The turmeric has to have a little black pepper to work (see below), called piperine on the label. Now foods & Source Naturals are brands I trust. Any organic brand that includes pepper in the capsule is likely trustworthy as well. After getting the benefits, many people buy in bulk & put it in capsules themselves.
One pound of organic turmeric and/or ginger can be bought inexpensively online. Double zero (00) capsules (the largest inexpensive ones) can be bought for less than $14 for a thousand on the internet. The fastest way to fill them is to take the long end & push it down into a small bowl filled high with the powder. Three or four pushes and its full & cap the other end. People can make a months worth for three times a day in 5-10 minutes. Turmeric has to be taken with a small amount of black pepper mixed in in order to get the benefits. Turmerics bioavailability is likely enhanced when taken with organic vegetable oils, possibly greatest with olive or coconut oil (with a meal, in a meal, or alone).
The piperine in black pepper is necessary to make the curcumin bioavailable, which prevents the need for expensive curcumin extracts. Piperine increases the bioavailability of curcumin by 2000% (200X). Every 00 capsule of turmeric needs 1.5mg of black pepper, or when mixing them in a bowl mix 1 part black pepper for every 333 parts of turmeric, or 3 parts black pepper for every 1000 parts turmeric. You can measure it out by weight or by volume, whichever is easiest, but here the metric system is simplest. Turmeric usage for anti-inflammatory/painkilling and other purposes hasn’t been found to affect the blood levels of other drugs, because per each 00 capsule this is only 0.15% or 1/670th of the amount of black pepper found in clinical studies to significantly affect the blood levels of select drugs.
Shoba G1, Joy D, Joseph T, Majeed M, Rajendran R, Srinivas PS. Influence of piperine on the pharmacokinetics of curcumin in animals and human volunteers. Planta Med. 1998 May;64(4):353-6.
Bhardwaj, R. K., Glaeser, H., Becquemont, L., Klotz, U., Gupta, S. K. & Fromm, M. F. (2002). Piperine, a major constituent of black pepper, inhibits human P-glycoprotein and CYP3A4. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 302, 645–650.
http://csn.cancer.org/node/219876
http://www.livestrong.com/article/543411-how-much-curcumin-is-there-in-powdered-turmeric/
Bhatiwada Nidhi, Talahalli R. Ramaprasad, Vallikannan Baskaran. Dietary fatty acid determines the intestinal absorption of lutein in lutein deficient mice. Food Research International Volume 64, October 2014, Pages 256–263
Vitamin D3
High vitamin D3 blood levels are associated with 2/3rds lower incidence of Parkinson’s and lower symptoms in people with Parkinson’s.
Vitamin D3 is fat soluble & must be taken with a meal or vegetable oil. Effective blood levels are from 70-100 ng/ml and 4000 IU per day has been considered within safe limits. Vitamin D3 reduces Alzhemimer’s disease as well.
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/271409.php
http://www.vitamindcouncil.org/health-conditions/parkinsons-disease/
http://www.drperlmutter.com/vitamin-d-parkinsons-disease/
http://www.aplaceformom.com/blog/2013-04-03-vitamin-d-and-risk-of-parkinsons-disease/
http://consumer.healthday.com/diseases-and-conditions-information-37/misc-diseases-and-conditions-news-203/briefs-emb-1-16-vitamin-d-levels-parkinsons-jpd-release-batch-1106-683996.html
http://www.lifeextension.com/Magazine/2016/9/Vitamin-D-Offers-Hope-for-Multiple-Sclerosis/Page-01
http://archneur.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2451334
http://www.neurology.org/content/early/2014/08/06/WNL.0000000000000755.short
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4488816
Acetyl-L-carnitine
Acetyl-L-carnitine is an amino acid with little/low/no side effects. Not only does it boost mood, concentration & energy, it prevents & treats Parkinsons’ disease.
cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs/27860/InTech-Acetyl_l_carnitine_in_parkinson_s_disease.pdf
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02251137
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb04164.x/abstract?deniedAccessCustomisedMessage=&userIsAuthenticated=false
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0091305711003091
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00390.x/full
http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/htdocs/chem_background/exsumpdf/carnliposupp_508.pdf
http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-834-ACETYL-L-CARNITINE.aspx?activeIngredientId=834&activeIngredientName=ACETYL-L-CARNITINE
http://www.raysahelian.com/acetylcarnitine.html
Spirulina
EPA & DHA fatty acids in spirulina (where fish oil gets them) help prevent Parkinson’s and improve mood & motor function in people with Parkinsons.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165032708001286
http://www.fasebj.org/content/22/4/1213.short
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016801020902046X
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11745-010-3514-0
Fisetin
Fisetin is found in a number of plants & fruits, including cucumbers & strawberries. In dozens of studies, fisetin has been found to improve memory during aging, even in the presence of Alzheimer’s. Fisetin appears to be neuroprotective against Alzheimer’s, Huntington’s & Parkinson’s diseases as well. It is an anti-inflammatory that helps treat rheumatoid arthritis. Fisetin works against a number of cancers, especially prostate, and against the side effects of diabetes.
Neuroprotective effects of Fisetin in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases: from chemistry to medicine.
Nabavi SF, Braidy N, Habtemariam S, Sureda A, Manayi A, Nabavi SM1.
Curr Top Med Chem. 2016 Feb 4
Micronutrients and Brain Health
edited by Lester Packer, Helmut Sies, Manfred Eggersdorfer, Enrique Cadenas
Modulation of multiple pathways involved in the maintenance of neuronal function during aging by fisetin
Pamela Maher
Genes & Nutrition
December 2009, 4:297
Modulation of p25 and inflammatory pathways by fisetin maintains cognitive function in Alzheimer’s disease transgenic mice
Antonio Currais et al.
DOI: 10.1111/acel.12185
Aging Cell Volume 13, Issue 2, pages 379–390, April 2014
ERK activation by the polyphenols fisetin and resveratrol provides neuroprotection in multiple models of Huntington’s disease
Pamela Maher et al.
Hum. Mol. Genet. (2010) doi: 10.1093/hmg/ddq460
Flavonol-rich RVHxR from Rhus verniciflua Stokes and its major compound fisetin inhibits inflammation-related cytokines and angiogenic factor in rheumatoid arthritic fibroblast-like synovial cells and in vivo models
Jae-Dong Lee et al.
International Immunopharmacology
Volume 9, Issue 3, March 2009, Pages 268–276
Fisetin Lowers Methylglyoxal Dependent Protein Glycation and Limits the Complications of Diabetes.
Maher P, Dargusch R, Ehren JL, Okada S, Sharma K, Schubert D (2011)
PLoS ONE 6(6): e21226. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0021226
SAM-e
S-adenosylmethionine SAM relieves depression in 70% of people with Parkinsons.
Liu X, Lamango N, Charlton C. L-dopa depletes S-adenosylmethionine and increases S-adenosyl homocysteine: relationship to the wearing-off effects [abstract]. Abstr Soc Neurosci. 1998;24:1469.
* Bottiglieri T, Hyland K, Reynolds EH, et al. The clinical potential of ademetionine (S-adenosylmethionine) in neurological disorders. Drugs. 1994;48:137-152.
* Bressa GM. S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAMe) as antidepressant: meta-analysis of clinical studies. Acta Neurol Scand Suppl. 1994;154:7-14.
* Carrieri PB, Indaco A, Gentile S, et al. S-adenosylmethionine treatment of depression in patients with Parkinson’s disease: a double-blind, crossover study versus placebo. Curr Ther Res. 1990;48:154-160.
* Liu X, Lamango N, Charlton C. L-dopa depletes S-adenosylmethionine and increases S-adenosyl homocysteine: relationship to the wearing-off effects [abstract]. Abstr Soc Neurosci. 1998;24:1469.
http://www.med.nyu.edu/content?ChunkIID=21799#ref23
Mucuna pruriens
The herb Mucuna pruriens contains L-dopa. One very small study reportedly found evidence that use of the herb as an L-dopa source offers advantages over purified L-dopa given as a medication itself
Katzenschlager R, Evans A, Manson A, et al. Mucuna pruriens in Parkinson’s disease: a double blind clinical and pharmacological study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2004;75:1672-1677.
http://www.med.nyu.edu/content?ChunkIID=21799#ref23
In India the drug made from MP is Zandopa, apparently is effective against Parkinson’s & is much cheaper than L-dopa.
http://forum.parkinson.org/index.php?/topic/19169-mucuna-pruriens-as-a-natural-l-dopa-alternative/
CDP-Choline
CDP-Choline increases the amount of dopamine in the brain, and doubles the effectiveness of L-dopa, allowing for half the normal dosage.
Garcia-Mas A, Rossinol A, Roca M, et al. Effects of citicholine in subcortical dementia associated with Parkinson’s disease assessed by quantified electroencephalography. Clin Ther. 1992;14:718-729.
* Secades JJ, Frontera G. CDP-choline: pharmacological and clinical review. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 1995;17(suppl B):1-54.
* Eberhardt R, Birbamer G, Gerstenbrand F, et al. Citicoline in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. Clin Ther. 1990;12:489-495.
* Birbamer G, Gerstenbrand F, Rainer J, et al. CDP-choline in the treatment of Parkinson syndrome. New Trends in Clin Neuropharmacology. 1990;4:29-34.
* Secades JJ, Frontera G. CDP-choline: pharmacological and clinical review. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 1995;17(suppl B):1-54.
* Agnoli A, Ruggieri S, Denaro A, et al. New strategies in the management of Parkinson’s disease: a biological approach using a phospholipid precursor (CDP-choline). Neuropsychobiology. 1982;8:289-296.
* Ruggieri S, Zamponi A, Casacchia M, et al. Therapeutic effects of cyticholine (cytidine-diphospho-choline) in Parkinsonian syndrome [in Italian]. Clin Ther. 1976;78:515-525.
* Eberhardt R, Birbamer G, Gerstenbrand F, et al. Citicoline in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. Clin Ther. 1990;12:489-495.
* Secades JJ, Frontera G. CDP-choline: pharmacological and clinical review. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 1995;17(suppl B):1-54.
* Eberhardt R, Birbamer G, Gerstenbrand F, et al. Citicoline in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. Clin Ther. 1990;12:489-495.
* Lozano Fernndez R. Efficacy and safety of oral CDP-choline: drug surveillance study in 2817 cases. Arzneimittelforschung. 1983;33:1073-1080.
http://www.med.nyu.edu/content?ChunkIID=21799#ref23
Phosphatidylserine
Phosphatidylserine improves mental function in people with Alzheimers and Parkinsons.
Funfgeld EW, Baggen M, Nedwidek P, et al. Double-blind study with phosphatidylserine (PS) in parkinsonian patients with senile dementia of Alzheimer’s type (SDAT). Prog Clin Biol Res. 1989;317:1235-1246.
http://www.med.nyu.edu/content?ChunkIID=21799#ref23
Methionine
Methionine supplements may help in supporting the liver and HIV/AIDS treatments, as well as help in treating Parkinson’s disease and urinary tract infections. Although methionine isn’t recommended for weight loss or exercise performance, the supplement could potentially help treat pancreatitis. The compound made from methionine known as SAMe is also available in supplement form. SAMe supplements could possibly help in treating depression, fibromyalgia, osteoarthritis and liver disease. Aside from weight loss and sports performance enhancement, creatine supplements might also help in treating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or “ALS,” chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or “COPD,” muscular dystrophy, schizophrenia, congestive heart failure, high triglycerides, mitochondrial disorders and several other medical conditions. Don’t take methionine, creatine or SAMe supplements for any health purpose without first talking with your physician.
Warning
Amino acids like methionine, creatine and SAMe can inhibit your absorption of the Parkinson’s disease medication levodopa, warns the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. While you’re taking methionine supplements, you might also need to take extra B-complex vitamins, particularly vitamin B6, vitamin B12 and folate. This is because taking methionine while you have a B-vitamin deficiency could increase your blood levels of homocysteine and cholesterol, both of which are linked to elevated risks for atherosclerosis. Even without B-vitamin deficiencies, taking high doses of methionine – 7 grams daily or more – can increase your homocysteine levels. Taking up to 2 grams per day of methionine doesn’t appear to cause any serious adverse effects, however
http://www.livestrong.com/article/358879-l-methionine-weight-loss/
Aspirin
Aspirin may help prevent/treat Parkinson’s as well, especially at higher doses that women take.
http://newsroom.ucla.edu/releases/ucla-study-shows-over-the-counter-40127
http://blogs.discovery.com/dfh-insider/2012/05/5-things-aspirin-can-do-for-your-health.html
Kudzu
Kudzu appears to protect dopaminergic neurons like those damaged in Parkinson’s.
Puerarin protects dopaminergic neurons against 6-hydroxydopamine neurotoxicity via inhibiting apoptosis and upregulating glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease.
Zhu G, Wang X, Chen Y, Yang S, Cheng H, Wang N, Li Q.
Planta Med. 2010 Nov;76(16):1820-6. doi: 10.1055/s-0030-1249976. Epub 2010 May 27.
Puerarin protect dopamine neurons by inhibiting oxidative stress in rotenone-based models for Parkinson’s disease
Xiong , N., Zhang , X., Xiong , J., Liu , L., Yang , J., Zhang , G., Huang , J., Wang , T.
MDS 17th International Congress of Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders, Volume 28,
June 2013 Abstract Supplement
Movement Disorders 2013
Sydney, Australia June 16-20, 2013.
Puerarin protects dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson’s disease models.
Zhang X et al.
Neuroscience. 2014 Nov 7;280:88-98. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.08.052. Epub 2014 Sep 10.
Anticholinergics
Anticholinergics are drugs that reduce the chemical in the brain that we use during concentration, choline, causing mild cognitive confusion, difficulty focusing, poorer decision making, and early death. Benadryl (diphenhydramine) is one of the most common.
Conversely for people with Parkinsons, they can have too much acetylcholine. Anticholinergics can improve motor function as long as the dosage doesn’t increase cognitive confusion. For everyone else anticholinergics increase mortality.
http://www.agingbraincare.org/tools/abc-anticholinergic-cognitive-burden-scale/
www.indydiscoverynetwork.org/resources/antichol_burden_scale.pdf
Antidepressants
People with Parkinson’s discontinue tricyclic antidepressants the least of all the antidepressants, and they delay time to using levodopa drugs a by a modest amount. Tricyclics are anticholinergics, which for people who don’t have Parkinsons cause dementia-like symptoms of cognitive confusion. People with Parkinsons often have an imbalance of acetylcholine to dopamine, and the anticholinergic effect improves motor function for at least a while. Dosage is too high if cognitive confusion sets in. People with Parkinson’s respond well to norepinephrine antidepressants, and least well to serotonin antidepressants.
http://www.health.harvard.edu/newsletters/Harvard_Womens_Health_Watch/2006/June/medications_for_parkinson8217s_disease
http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0076651
Liu J, Dong J, Wang L, Su Y, Yan P, et al. (2013) Comparative Efficacy and Acceptability of Antidepressants in Parkinson’s Disease: A Network Meta-Analysis. PLoS ONE 8(10): e76651. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0076651
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1989731/
Daniel Weintraub, MD,1,4,* Knashawn H. Morales, ScD,5 Paul J. Moberg, PhD,1,3 Warren B. Bilker, PhD,5 Catherine Balderston, MS,1 John E. Duda, MD,2,3 Ira R. Katz, MD, PhD,1,4 and Matthew B. Stern, MD2,3
Antidepressant Studies in Parkinson’s Disease
A Review and Meta-Analysis
Mov Disord. Sep 2005; 20(9): 1161–1169.
doi: 10.1002/mds.20555
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Use this as an aide to your own research and share with your doctor as appropriate.
Lewy Body Dementia (LBD)- (Parkinson’s Disease Dementia (PDD) & dementia with Lewy Bodies)
Lewy body Dementia (LBD) is a dementia that affects over a million Americans, second only to Alzheimer’s dementia. LBD can start with Parkinson’s physical symptoms, cognitive symptoms, and/or neuropsychiatric symptoms. When it starts with some of the physical symptoms of Parkinson’s, and the cognitive & neuropsychiatric symptoms come later, it is often called Parkinson’s disease dementia (PDD). When it starts with cognitive dementia symptoms and the physical and neuropsychiatric symptoms come later, it is called dementia with Lewy Bodies. When all three occur nearly at the same time, people are diagnosed with LBD. These are all LBD, and over time they will have most of the same physical, cognitive & neuropsychiatric symptoms and the medications that will help (or harm) them will be the same.
Parkinson’s disease dementia (PDD)
PDD is diagnosed when Parkinson’s symptoms of hallucinations & freezing/shuffling/balance problems appear first and dementia & neuropsychiatric symptoms appear over a year afterwards. Another difference is that people with Parkinson’s disease can have too much acetylcholine in the brain, and taking an anticholinergic may help cognitive function. People PDD/LBD can have too little acetylcholine in the brain, and taking a cholinesterase inhibitor (CI) may significantly help cognitive function. Which drug the person responds to appears to indicate which disorder they have.
http://www.lbda.org/category/3437/what-is-lbd.htm
Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB)
Dementia is sometimes diagnosed when only the cognitive problems appear first and the physical and neuropsychiatric problems come later. After the other problems appear, the diagnosis is often amended from dementia to dementia with Lewy Bodies. People with Alzheimer’s dementia may respond a little to the cholinesterase inhibitor medications, but not nearly as much as people with DLB. A very strong response may be indicative of DLB instead of Alzheimer’s dementia. DLB will often have low dopamine transporter uptake in the basal ganglia noted with SPECT and PET imaging. Cognitive confusion with DLB can come at anytime and last for hours or days vs the more predictable “sundowning” of Alzheimer’s.
http://www.lbda.org/content/symptoms
Physical symptoms
Excessive daytime sleepiness
“Freezing” in mid-step, difficulty initiating movement, shuffling, problems with balance and falling
Difficulties with blood pressure control, temperature regulation, and bladder and bowel function
Cognitive symptoms
People with PDD/LBD can have:
Changes in memory, concentration and judgment
Trouble interpreting visual information
Muffled speech
Neuropsychiatric symptoms
Visual hallucinations
Delusions, especially paranoid ideas
Depression
Irritability and anxiety
Severe sensitivity to medications for hallucination
Sleep disturbances, including excessive daytime drowsiness and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder that may include acting out dreams
Parkinson’s drugs that are contraindicated for PDD/LBD
Some drugs that are effective against Parkinson’s syndrome can trigger serious side effects for people with PDD/LBD.
Amantadine (Symmetrel), anticholinergics (like Benadryl, Clozapine), and dopamine agonists that can help people with Parkinson’s disease instead may trigger dementia or hallucinations in people with PDD/LBD.
Dopamine agonists-
Aripiprazole “Abilify”
Quinpirole
Apomorphine (Apokyn)
Bromocriptine (Parlodel)
Cabergoline (Dostinex)
Ciladopa
Dihydrexidine
Dinapsoline
Doxanthrine
Epicriptine
Lisuride
Piribedil (Pronoran and Trivastal)
Pramipexole (Mirapex and Sifrol)
Propylnorapomorphine
Quinagolide (Norprolac)
Ropinirole (Requip/XL)
Rotigotine (Neupro)
Roxindole
Sumanirole
Fenoldopam
https://www.lbda.org
Rotigotine (Neupro)
Rotigotine may be effective in reducing “off’ time in LBD but should possibly be tried last of all the dopaminergic medications in order to minimize the possibiliity of hallucinations & dementia in LBD. The 8mg patch may be the minimal dosage to get clinically significant reductions in “off” time.
Pharmacological Management of Lewy Body Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Chris Stinton, Ph.D., Ian McKeith, F.Med.Sci., John-Paul Taylor, Ph.D., Louise Lafortune, Ph.D., Eneida Mioshi, Ph.D., Elijah Mak, M.Sc., Victoria Cambridge, Ph.D., James Mason, D.Phil., Alan Thomas, Ph.D., John T. O’Brien, D.M.
Am J Psychiatry 2015; 172:731–742; doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2015.14121582
A Closer Look at Parkinson’s Therapies
An update by Practical Neurology (11-12/2013)
By Zac Haughn, Senior Associate Editor
http://practicalneurology.com/2013/12/a-closer-look-at-parkinsons-therapies¢er=35
Anticholinergics-
https://www.uea.ac.uk/mac/comm/media/press/2011/June/Anticholinergics+study+drug+list
http://doublecheckmd.com/EffectsDetail.do?dname=clonidine&sid=11980&eid=5692
Antipsychotics/antihallucinogens
Antipsychotic drugs are not recommended, as they may affect 50% of people with PDD/LBD with harsh, sometimes permanent and sometimes deadly side effects like increased Parkinsonian symptoms and/or neuroleptic malignant syndrome that can cause fever, muscle rigidity/breakdown & kidney failure.
aripiprazole (Abilify, Aristada)
asenapine (Saphris)
brexpiprazole (Rexulti)
cariprazine (Vraylar)
clozapine (Clozaril, FazaClo, Versacloz) also strong anticholinergic & may cause sudden immune system drop
iloperidone (Fanapt)
olanzapine (Zyprexa)
lurasidone (Latuda)
paliperidone (Invega)
pimavanserin (Nuplazid)
quetiapine (Seroquel)
risperidone (Risperdal)
ziprasidone (Geodon)
thiothixene (Navane)
prochlorperazine (Compro)
chlorpromazine (Thorazine)
fluphenazine (Prolixin)
trifluoperazine (Stelazine)
perphenazine (Trilafon)
thioridazine (Mellaril)
prochlorperazine (Compazine)
fluphenazine (Prolixin)
fluphenazine (Permitil)
mesoridazine (Serentil)
pimozide (Orap)
molindone (Moban)
haloperidol (Haldol)
loxapine (Loxitane)
loxapine (Adasuve)
If all other options below are exhausted and an antipsychotic is contemplated, some LBD experts prefer quetiapine. Clozapine is sometimes considered next, but it is strongest type of anticholinergic which may exacerbate dementia & hallucination symptoms in PDD/LBD, and may cause as sudden drop in white blood cell count & life threatening disease vulnerability.
https://www.lbda.org
Tricyclic antidepressants
Tricyclics are older antidepressants which may also cause sedation, motor problems, and/or confusion in people with LBD.
http://www.lbda.org/content/treatment-options
Treatments
Physical symptoms
The more disabling movement symptoms may be treatable with L-dopa. The lowest effective dose may be preferred to lower the hallucinations and/or confusion the L-dopa may trigger.
Cognitive symptoms
Memantine
Memantine is a partial antagonist of NMDA receptors and helps to block excessive glutamate activity. Mementine not only appears to help cognitive, physical, and neuropsychiatric problems of PDD/LBD, but also may prevent brain deterioration and lengthen life in people with PDD/LBD.
Stubendorff K, Larsson V, Ballard C, et al Treatment effect of memantine on survival in dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson’s disease with dementia: a prospective study BMJ Open 2014;4:e005158. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005158
Long-Term Efficacy of Memantine in Parkinson’ Disease Dementia: An 18-Month Prospective Perfusion Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography Preliminary Study
Hyeonseok S. Jeong, Yong-An Chung, Jong-Sik Park, In-Uk Song, and YoungSoon Yang
Dement Neurocognitive Disord. 2016 Jun;15(2):43-48. English.
https://doi.org/10.12779/dnd.2016.15.2.43
Aarsland, D; Ballard, C; Walker, Z; Bostrom, F; Alves, G; Kossakowski, K; Leroi, I; Pozo-Rodriguez, F; Minthon, L; Londos, E (July 2009). “Memantine in patients with Parkinson’s disease dementia or dementia with Lewy bodies: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial.”. Lancet Neurology. 8 (7): 613–8. PMID 19520613. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(09)70146-2.
Larsson, V., Aarsland, D., Ballard, C., Minthon, L. and Londos, E. (2010), The effect of memantine on sleep behaviour in dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson’s disease dementia. Int. J. Geriat. Psychiatry, 25: 1030–1038. doi:10.1002/gps.2506
Johansson, C; Ballard, C; Hansson, O; Palmqvist, S; Minthon, L; Aarsland, D; Londos, E (February 2011). “Efficacy of memantine in PDD and DLB: an extension study including washout and open-label treatment.”. International journal of geriatric psychiatry. 26 (2): 206–13. PMID 20665553. doi:10.1002/gps.2516.
Cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine for symptomatic treatment of dementia
BMJ 2012; 344 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.e2986
Memantine ineffective?
One meta-analysis found that memantine was well tolerated but not very effective.
Pharmacological Management of Lewy Body Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Chris Stinton, Ph.D., Ian McKeith, F.Med.Sci., John-Paul Taylor, Ph.D., Louise Lafortune, Ph.D., Eneida Mioshi, Ph.D., Elijah Mak, M.Sc., Victoria Cambridge, Ph.D., James Mason, D.Phil., Alan Thomas, Ph.D., John T. O’Brien, D.M.
Am J Psychiatry 2015; 172:731–742; doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2015.14121582
Cholinesterase inhibitors (CIs)
CIs increase choline in the brain, a chemical that is used for concentration. Both CIs and mementine alone and together appear to be effective for people with PDD/LBD for their dementia symptoms, hallucinations, and agitation as well as overall cognitive functioning in the following order.
Donepezil/memantine (Namzaric)
Donepezin (Aricept)
Rivastigmine (Exelon)Galantamin (Razadyne)
Minett, T. S. C., Thomas, A., Wilkinson, L. M., Daniel, S. L., Sanders, J., Richardson, J., Littlewood, E., Myint, P., Newby, J. and McKeith, I. G. (2003), What happens when donepezil is suddenly withdrawn? An open label trial in dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson’s disease with dementia. Int. J. Geriat. Psychiatry, 18: 988–993. doi:10.1002/gps.995
Thomas, A. J., Burn, D. J., Rowan, E. N., Littlewood, E., Newby, J., Cousins, D., Pakrasi, S., Richardson, J., Sanders, J. and McKeith, I. G. (2005), A comparison of the efficacy of donepezil in Parkinson’s disease with Dementia and Dementia with Lewy bodies. Int. J. Geriat. Psychiatry, 20: 938–944. doi:10.1002/gps.1381
Cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine for symptomatic treatment of dementia
BMJ 2012; 344 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.e2986 (Published 01 May 2012) Cite this as: BMJ 2012;344:e2986
http://www.alz.org/dementia/parkinsons-disease-symptoms.asp
https://www.lbda.org
Donepezil most effective?
One meta-analysis found that donepezil was most effective, and rivastigamine was also very effective but had higher side effects. It found some benefit for galantamine, modafinil, levodopa, rotigotine (increases dopamine but may trigger hallucinations or dementia), clozapine, duloxetine, clonazepam, ramelteon (delirium, sleep-hits melatonin receptor), gabapentin, zonisamide (motor symptoms, seizures, tardive dyskinesia, migraines), and yokukansan but not for piracetam, amantadine, selegiline, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, and citalopram.
Pharmacological Management of Lewy Body Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Chris Stinton, Ph.D., Ian McKeith, F.Med.Sci., John-Paul Taylor, Ph.D., Louise Lafortune, Ph.D., Eneida Mioshi, Ph.D., Elijah Mak, M.Sc., Victoria Cambridge, Ph.D., James Mason, D.Phil., Alan Thomas, Ph.D., John T. O’Brien, D.M.
Am J Psychiatry 2015; 172:731–742; doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2015.14121582
MAO Inhibitors (MAOI) for Parkinson’s & LBD
Starting the MAOIs selegiline (Eldepryl) & rasagaline (Azilect) are both apparently equally effective for early Parkinson’s in delaying time to levodopa usage & cutting in half the amount of levodopa needed after it is initiated in people with Parkinson’s and reducing “off” time (when the benefits of levodopa run out) as well as stopping dyskinesias when initiated early & helping with motor fluctuations possibly throughout the course of the disease. The earlier they are started after the diagnosis the more effective they appear to be throughout.
Selegiline
Selegiline appears to be effective against Parkinson’s and neuroprotective and extend the life of animals given it significantly but only at lower dosages, and may be negative over the long term at higher dosages. Starting dosage may be 5mg 2x per week orally (or 2.5mg sublingually) and might only need to be increased until dyskinesia (involuntary movement) symptoms stop or until the maximum benefit to reducing the amount of levodopa needed and/or reducing of “off” time is found. Studies finding selegiline less effective for LBD than Parkinsons may have used a much higher dosage or started it much later.
When selegiline is taken sublingually (it can be crushed first manually or by the teeth or just taken whole under the toungue) about half the dosage (half a 5mg tablet) may be needed for the same effect. Taking it under the toungue appears to prevent it from metabolizing in the liver into an amphetamine byproduct (that doesn’t appear to have any significant clinical side effects). This can show up on drug tests unless the test that distinguishes the d (selegiline metabolite) vs l (street drug) type is used.
Zelapar is a formulation of selegiline intended to dissolve quickly in the mouth, but can be $2000 for a months worth vs $40 (with Goodrx.com) for a month of the Eldepryl tablet that appears to dissolve just fine under the tongue both with or without crushing first.
Rasagiline
Rasagaline, like selegiline, appears to be neuroprotective & disease modifying but only at lower dosages (1mg instead of 2mg). Like selegiline, it may be best to first use the 1mg dosage 2x per week and the frequency might only need to be increased until dyskinesia (involuntary movement) symptoms stop or until the maximum benefit to reducing the amount of levodopa needed and/or reducing of “off” time is found.
A Closer Look at Parkinson’s Therapies
An update by Practical Neurology (11-12/2013)
By Zac Haughn, Senior Associate Editor
http://practicalneurology.com/2013/12/a-closer-look-at-parkinsons-therapies¢er=35
Zhuo, C. et al. Comparison for Efficacy and Tolerability among Ten Drugs for Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease: A Network Meta-Analysis. Sci. Rep. 7, 45865; doi: 10.1038/srep45865 (2017).
Sleep
Sleep disorder may be treated in order of effectiveness with red light, pink noise, black seed oil (by far most effective in increasing deep sleep-80%), CBD oil, magnesium glycinate, inositol, GABA, theanine, with melatonin (tart cherries or pistachios if melatonin can’t be taken), honey, kava kava, chamomille, hops, valerian, tryptophan, magnolia bark, lemon balm, passionflower, lavender oil, meditation, delta binaural beats- alone or in combination.
Benzodiazepenes and other hypnotics/tranquilizers can trigger dementia symptoms in people with LBD. Certain anesthetics &/or surgery may cause possible permanent confusion, delirium, and loss of functional abilities. Benzodiazepenes, like alcohol, decrease deep sleep & increase mortality in people with Parkinson’s/LBD.
If a benzodiazepene is used for sleep disorder, it may be most commonly clonazepam.
https://www.lbda.org
Huperzine
Huperzine is an herb that increases concentration by increasing choline in the brain and calming overactive glutamate activity in the brain. Huperzine helps most people’s concentration but especially people with autism, ADHD, Alzheimers, LBD/PDD and/or schizophrenia, as they may have overactive glutamate activity.
Huperzine works to increase choline which the cholinesterase inhibitors and to moderate overactive glutamate activity like memantine, both of which are used for people with Alzheimer’s & Lewy Body dementia. Perhaps huperzine can work as an aide to those medications.
200mg every four hours was what I eventually built up to that worked well for my ADHD. Note that if you take huperzine it may help to take supplemental choline/lecithin or get it in foods it is common in, like cauliflower.x
http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-764-HUPERZINE%20A.aspx?activeIngredientId=764&activeIngredientName=HUPERZINE%20A
http://forum.bodybuilding.com/showthread.php?t=6779761
http://www.synmr.com/index.php?ac=article&at=read&did=156
Spirulina- more than 2x as effective as prescription antipsychotics
Spirulina is an algae that fish eat that gives them their EPA & DHA omega 3 fatty acids so prized in fish oil. In the December 2009 issue of the Harvard Mental Health Letter, after a review of many years of research Harvard psychiatrists concluded that fish oil was at least twice as effective as any prescription antipsychotic in preventing and treating schizophrenic episodes. The reason Harvard psychiatrists came to this conclusion is because the omega3 fatty acids in fish oil, EPA & DHA, have shown repeatedly in the last 50 years to prevent & stop schizophrenia far better than the newer or older antipsychotics and without their often extreme side effects. The main side effect of EPA & DHA fatty acids is an increase in mood and ability to concentrate, which improves the quality of life of the people taking it far beyond just the prevention of schizophrenic episodes.
EPA & DHA have shown such a strong effectiveness against schizophrenia that some researchers have theorized that it is an inability to retain enough EPA & DHA for many people genetically predisposed to schizophrenia that cause the disease itself. The majority of people who enter studies & start taking EPA & DHA never stop. It is far and above the most effective & well documented treatment for schizophrenia found to date, and it only has positive side effects (depending on the form taken, see below).
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0920996400000839
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02637070
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/%28SICI%291099-1077%28199601%2911:1%3C39::AID-HUP742%3E3.0.CO;2-%23/abstract
http://journals.psychiatryonline.org/article.aspx?articleid=175765
http://www.raysahelian.com/schizophrenia.html
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0920996400000839
At seven year followup to earlier research comparing EPA & DHA fatty acids to placebo found that those who had briefly taken EPA & DHA fatty acids seven years ago when they were experiencing early symptoms of schizophrenia had progressed to schizophrenia at 25% of the rate of those who had gotten a placebo. The EPA & DHA fatty acids were more than 400% better at preventing schizophrenia, even after taking them for only a brief duration.
Nature Communications, DOI:10.1038/ncomms8934
Spirulina is the source of omega3 fatty acids in fish oil
If you want to get the EPA & DHA omega3 fatty acids that are great for the brain that are in some kinds of fish oil without the off taste or worry about pesticides, mercury or radiation (in the Pacific), you can get EPA & DHA from where fish get them- from taking the algae called spirulina. At ovega.com is a good explanation of how EPA & DHA omega 3 fatty acids in fish come from eating the algae spirulina. Ovega.com is the company inspected by the FDA that supplies 99% of the baby formulas with EPA & DHA for supplementation. I use and trust NOW Foods and Source Naturals. For spirulina Ovega.com is also reputable and they grow it in stainless steel vats for purity.
Spirulina and vegetables
When I took spirulina I only got the full concentration & mood boosting effects when I ate it with a meal with a vegetable (of any color). I got no benefit from eating it with a legume & grain. It might have something to do with the enzymes needed to break it down. Only 1/4 teaspoon two to three times a day with a meal with a vegetable is needed to significantly improve mood and concentration, but as people with schizophrenia may need more and as there are little or no negative side effects people can experiment on their own.
Here’s a great study showing EPA & DHA omega3 fatty acids improves mood:
http://www.lef.org/magazine/mag2007/oct2007_report_depression_01.htm
http://www.nutraingredients-usa.com/Research/EPA-stands-alone-as-a-depression-fighter
improves concentration & reduces ADHD:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1971271/
http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2013/08/19/omega-3-fat-dha.aspx
lowered violence in prisoners:
http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/evolutionary-psychiatry/201105/diet-and-violence
reduced bipolar symptoms of depression and mania and increased mood:
http://www.psycheducation.org/depression/meds/Omega-3.htm
http://www.mclean.harvard.edu/pdf/news/mitn/satevnpost.stoll0605.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18072818
Cannabidiol (CBD) for Parkinson’, Alzheimer’s, Huntington’s, & Lewy body disorder hallucinations, movement, & neuroprotection
One surprising treatment of schizophrenic hallucinations is cannabidiol (CBD), which comes from hemp (marijuana with no/trace THC). The marijuana plant evolved to cause hallucinations so animals would eat it & distribute its seeds far & wide. The compound, THC, that it evolved to cause hallucinations is often not pleasant by itself, as people who take marinol (synthesized THC) by prescription often report. So the marijuana plant evolved another cannabanoid, cannabidiol, to take the edge off the hallucinations. Turns out, when people take cannabidiol by itself, it can be a powerful anti-hallucinogen.
Marijuana itself can have low CBD because THC competes with it for the plant’s resources, and people who smoke marijuana often want higher THC than the CBD. Hemp has the most CBD as it doesn’t have to compete with THC. Hemp oil with CBD is completely legal to buy & possess in all of the USA, because if its negligible THC content. People often get confused between the legality in buying hemp products and the illegality of buying marijuana.
Some people with Parkinson’s who take CBD report a significant improvement in their movement. It also appears to be significantly neuroprotective and slow or stop neurodegeneration.
The other benefits of cannabidiol are:
Antiepileptic/anticonvulsant-it can work in people unresponsive to other drugs for uncontrolled seizures
Helps sleep in people with Parkinson’s & Lewy Body disorder
Low dose it’s alerting & high dose it’s sleep increasing
Anti-inflammatory
Anxiolytic (antianxiety)
Anti-emetic (antinausea)
Analgesic
Anticancer
Immunomodulator-improves immune action against threats & reduces auto-immune disorders
Helps against IBD and Crohn’s Disease
Neuroprotectant
Antioxidant
It may help Alzheimer’s, Parkinsons, Huntington’s, Lewy Body disorder, cerebral ischemia, brain and nerve damage from strokes.
https://www.projectcbd.org/parkinsons-disease
Effects of cannabidiol in the treatment of patients with Parkinson’s disease: an exploratory double-blind trial.
Chagas MH1, Zuardi AW, Tumas V, Pena-Pereira MA, Sobreira ET, Bergamaschi MM, dos Santos AC, Teixeira AL, Hallak JE, Crippa JA.
J Psychopharmacol. 2014 Nov;28(11):1088-98. doi: 10.1177/0269881114550355. Epub 2014 Sep 18.
Prospects for cannabinoid therapies in basal ganglia disorders.
Fernández-Ruiz J, Moreno-Martet M, Rodríguez-Cueto C, Palomo-Garo C, Gómez-Cañas M, Valdeolivas S, Guaza C, Romero J, Guzmán M, Mechoulam R, Ramos JA.
Br J Pharmacol. 2011 Aug;163(7):1365-78. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01365.x.
Evaluation of the neuroprotective effect of cannabinoids in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease: importance of antioxidant and cannabinoid receptor-independent properties.
García-Arencibia M, González S, de Lago E, Ramos JA, Mechoulam R, Fernández-Ruiz J.
Brain Res. 2007 Feb 23;1134(1):162-70. Epub 2006 Dec 28.
Cannabinoids provide neuroprotection against 6-hydroxydopamine toxicity in vivo and in vitro: relevance to Parkinson’s disease.
Lastres-Becker I, Molina-Holgado F, Ramos JA, Mechoulam R, Fernández-Ruiz J.
Neurobiol Dis. 2005 Jun-Jul;19(1-2):96-107.
Cannabidiol can improve complex sleep-related behaviours associated with rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder in Parkinson’s disease patients: a case series.
Chagas MH, Eckeli AL, Zuardi AW, Pena-Pereira MA, Sobreira-Neto MA, Sobreira ET, Camilo MR, Bergamaschi MM, Schenck CH, Hallak JE, Tumas V, Crippa JA.
J Clin Pharm Ther. 2014 Oct;39(5):564-6. doi: 10.1111/jcpt.12179. Epub 2014 May 21.
Cannabidiol for the treatment of psychosis in Parkinson’s disease.
Zuardi AW, Crippa JA, Hallak JE, Pinto JP, Chagas MH, Rodrigues GG, Dursun SM, Tumas V.
J Psychopharmacol. 2009 Nov;23(8):979-83. doi: 10.1177/0269881108096519. Epub 2008 Sep 18.
Evaluation of the neuroprotective effect of cannabinoids in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease: importance of antioxidant and cannabinoid receptor-independent properties.
García-Arencibia M, González S, de Lago E, Ramos JA, Mechoulam R, Fernández-Ruiz J.
Brain Res. 2007 Feb 23;1134(1):162-70. Epub 2006 Dec 28.
Symptom-relieving and neuroprotective effects of the phytocannabinoid Δ⁹-THCV in animal models of Parkinson’s disease.
García C, Palomo-Garo C, García-Arencibia M, Ramos J, Pertwee R, Fernández-Ruiz J.
Br J Pharmacol. 2011 Aug;163(7):1495-506. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01278.x.
Therapeutic potential of cannabinoids in CNS disease.
Croxford JL.
CNS Drugs. 2003;17(3):179-202.
Cannabinoid Type 2 (CB2) Receptors Activation Protects against Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation Associated Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration in Rotenone Model of Parkinson’s Disease.
Javed H, Azimullah S, Haque ME, Ojha SK.
Front Neurosci. 2016 Aug 2;10:321. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00321. eCollection 2016.
Neurological aspects of medical use of cannabidiol.
Mannucci C et al.
CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. 2017 Apr 13. doi: 10.2174/1871527316666170413114210. [Epub ahead of print]
Clin Neuropharmacol. 2014 Mar-Apr;37(2):41-4. doi: 10.1097/WNF.0000000000000016.
Cannabis (medical marijuana) treatment for motor and non-motor symptoms of Parkinson disease: an open-label observational study.
Lotan I, Treves TA, Roditi Y, Djaldetti R.
Watch CBD Oil Transform This Former Cop With Parkinson’s in Seconds
https://www.endoca.com/blog/medical/cbd-and-parkinsons/
http://www.unitedpatientsgroup.com/blog/2013/01/06/cannabidiol-facts/
http://examine.com/supplements/Hemp+Protein/
http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2006000400001&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=en
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabidiol#cite_note-Leweke_2012-13
http://www.nature.com/tp/journal/v2/n3/full/tp201215a.html
http://www.greenbridgemed.com/2013/03/08/cannabidiol-and-schizophrenia/
http://www.europeanneuropsychopharmacology.com/article/S0924-977X%2813%2900332-5/abstract
Lithium
Lithium is present in drinking water in naturally occuring amounts. Animals that consume diets with very low lithium levels die earlier, don’t reproduce as well and have behavior problems. Places that have large amounts of naturally occuring lithium have much smaller (up to 40%) violence and suicide rates than places that have the smallest (in one study of 27 Texas counties, and one study of 18 Japan munipalities). Positive results to higher lithium levels have been found in 9 of 11 studies.
For people who have schizoaffective disorder (both schizophrenia and depression or bipolar illness) lithium reduces suicides & self harm better than all anticonvulsants in people with schizoaffective disorder who also have mania.
http://psycnet.apa.org/psycinfo/1982-04097-001
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1984.tb01202.x/abstract?deniedAccessCustomisedMessage=&userIsAuthenticated=false
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02916252
Notably for people with Alzheimer’s/Parkinson’s/Lewy Body disorder/Huntington’s, lithium appears to increase neural growth and increase brain grey matter, perhaps better than anything else according to Dr. Nassir Ghaemi, a professor of psychiatry at Tufts University School of Medicine. Microdoses in one study helped prevent progression to Alzheimer’s in people with minimal cognitive impairment.
Lithium carbonate
Lithium carbonate has been used for decades for neuralprotection and to treat multiple mental illnesses. At effective dosages lithium carbonate appears to cause kidney & thyroid damage & trigger a type of diabetes.
Lithium orotate
Lithium orotate is a form of lithium available online without a prescription at a much lower effective dosage than lithium carbonate. Lithium orotate reportedly causes little side effects. It may be an alternative for people for whom prescription lithium carbonate previously was effective, but had to stop because of the side effects, or had to use a lower dosage than needed for safety.
Br J Psychiatry. 2009 May;194(5):464-5; discussion 446. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.108.055798.
Lithium levels in drinking water and risk of suicide.
Ohgami H, Terao T, Shiotsuki I, Ishii N, Iwata N.
Ina Bach; Otto Kumberger; Hubert Schmidbaur (1990). “Orotate complexes. Synthesis and crystal structure of lithium orotate( – I) monohydrate and magnesium bis[ orotate( – I)] octahydrate”. Chem. Ber. 123 (12): 2267–2271. doi:10.1002/cber.19901231207.
Sartori HE (1986). “Lithium orotate in the treatment of alcoholism and related conditions”. Alcohol. 3 (2): 97–100. PMID 3718672. doi:10.1016/0741-8329(86)90018-2.
Nieper, Hans Alfred (1973), “The clinical applications of lithium orotate. A two years study”, Agressologie., Masson, Proquest, 14 (6): 407–11, ISSN 0002-1148, PMID 4607169
Smith DF (April 1976). “Lithium orotate, carbonate, and chloride: pharmacokinetics, polydipsia and polyuria in rats”. Br J Pharmacol. 56 (4): 399–402. PMC 1666891 Freely accessible. PMID 1260219. doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1976.tb07449.x.
Alevizos B, Alevizos E, Leonardou A, Zervas I (2012). “Low dosage lithium augmentation in venlafaxine resistant depression: An open-label study”. Psychiatrike. 23 (2): 143–8. PMID 22796912.
Nunes MA, Viel TA, Buck HS I (2013). “Microdose lithium treatment stabilized cognitive impairment in patients with Alzheimer’s disease”. Curr Alzheimer Res. 10 (1): 104–7. PMID 22746245. doi:10.2174/156720513804871354.
Berger GE, Wood SJ, Ross M, Hamer CA, Wellard RM, Pell G, Phillips L, Nelson B, Amminger GP, Yung AR, Jackson G, Velakoulis D, Pantelis C, Manji H, McGorry PD I (2012). “Neuroprotective effects of low-dose lithium in individuals at ultra-high risk for psychosis. A longitudinal MRI/MRS study”. Curr Pharm Des. 18 (4): 570–5. PMID 22239590. doi:10.2174/138161212799316163.
Smith DF, Schou M (March 1979). “Kidney function and lithium concentrations of rats given an injection of lithium orotate or lithium carbonate”. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 31 (3): 161–3. PMID 34690. doi:10.1111/j.2042-7158.1979.tb13461.x.
References from: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium_orotate
http://www.bipolar-lives.com/lithium-orotate.html
L-theanine
L-theanine has been tested to help anxiety during the day and sleep at night as well as the “positive” symptoms of schizophrenia with no negative side effects. It is found in green tea.
http://www.med.nyu.edu/content?ChunkIID=653856
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/49731066_L-theanine_relieves_positive_activation_and_anxiety_symptoms_in_patients_with_schizophrenia_and_schizoaffective_disorder_an_8-week_randomized_double-blind_placebo-controlled_2-center_study
http://aminoacidinformation.com/theanine-helps-treat-anxiety-in-schizophrenia/
http://www.psychweekly.com/aspx/article/articledetail.aspx?articleid=1248
http://www.wellnessresources.com/studies/l-theanine_bdnf_cortisol_and_schizophrenia/
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21208586
http://journals.lww.com/clinicalneuropharm/Abstract/2011/07000/Serum_Levels_of_Brain_Derived_Neurotrophic_Factor.6.aspx
L-glycine
L-glycine appears to help anxiety during the day & sleep at night as well as helping the “negative” symptoms of schizophrenia.
http://schizophrenia.com/glycinetreat.htm
http://www.livestrong.com/article/489535-niacin-glycine-for-schizophrenia/
http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-1072-GLYCINE.aspx?activeIngredientId=1072&activeIngredientName=GLYCINE
http://www.med.nyu.edu/content?ChunkIID=21751
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1760744/
http://ebmh.bmj.com/content/8/3/82.full
L-GABA
While there is little research on the amino acid L-GABA for schizophrenia, it also relieves anxiety during the day and helps sleep at night.
http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-464-GABA%20%28GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC%20ACID%29.aspx?activeIngredientId=464&activeIngredientName=GABA%20%28GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC%20ACID%29
http://www.livestrong.com/article/337555-do-gaba-supplements-improve-sleep-panic-anxiety/
D-serine
D-serine is an amino acid which is often at low levels in people with schizophrenia & helps lower symptoms significantly when supplemented. As amino acids are found in our foods & usually have little or no negative side effects.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9836012
http://archpsyc.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=207549
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22853788
http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0062438
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3111070/
http://www.raysahelian.com/schizophrenia.html
http://ebmh.bmj.com/content/8/3/82.full
http://www.news-medical.net/news/20121018/Plasma-D-serine-levels-reduced-in-schizophrenia.aspx
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/230594420_D-serine_and_schizophrenia_an_update
Sarcosine
Sarcosine is in a lot of foods and in concentrated for it helps reduce schizophrenic symptoms, especially depression.
http://archpsyc.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=209027
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23562005
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16275807
http://www.schizophreniaoptions.com/sarcosine/
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17659263
http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/19562643
N-acetylcysteine NAC
N-acetylcysteine helps reduce the symptoms of schizophrenia.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3044191/
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3036554/
http://www.nature.com/npp/journal/v33/n9/abs/1301624a.html
www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006322308002709
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959438809000440
D-Alanine
D-Alanine also shows promise in relieving the negative and positive symptoms of schizophrenia.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006322305008462
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation TMS
TMS helps reduce schizophrenic symptoms.
http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/17388712
www.tmsct.com/uploads/documents/TMS_Meta_Analysis.pdf
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1935861X08000375
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304394004014600
http://www.brainstimjrnl.com/article/S1935-861X%2811%2900129-X/abstract
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0920996403003475
Vitamins C, Bs, & zinc
Some people’s symptoms respond strongly to taking high doses of vitamin C and vitamin B3. Liposomal vitamin C may be 25 times more effective than powdered vitamin C.
www.doctoryourself.com
http://orthomolecular.org/library/jom/2008/pdf/2008-v23n04-p191.pdf
http://link.springer.com/article/10.2165/00003495-198530010-00006#page-1
Vitamin B9 and zine
People with paranoid schizophrenia may respond well to folate (vitB9) supplementation, zinc plasma testing & supplementation (as needed) as well as eating a diet low in copper, and by avoiding SAM-e, SSRIs and methionine.
Vitmian B6, B3 & liposomal vitamin C
People with schizophrenia may respond well to high dose vitamin B6 supplementation (both PH & PLP together) if levels are low to bring them up to normal, as well as vitamin B3 (niacin or niacinamide) and liposomal ascorbic acid (vitamin C & lecithin in an ultrasound mixer).
William J. Walsh, Nutrient Power, 2012
Taking a daily dose of 100mg of all the B vitamins (sold as vitamin B100s) can increase concentration, especially as we get older.
http://psychsocgerontology.oxfordjournals.org/content/56/6/P327.short
http://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/82/3/627.short
Flaxseed oil as a spirulina substitute
For people who can’t take spirulina, flaxseed oil has the most ALA, the third omega3 fatty acid. The body can make some DHA & EPA from ALA, especially if vitamin B100s, zinc, magnesium, and vitamin C are taken as well. Spirulina worked for me, & when I discovered my food sensititivities I started this regimen.
http://www.whfoods.com/genpage.php?tname=george&dbid=76
http://www.tackleacne.com/omega-3-fatty-acids.html
Cognitive remeditation therapy CRT
CRT helps people with schizophrenia, & in one study physically changed brain activity in people with schizophrenia.
http://bjp.rcpsych.org/content/181/2/144.short
http://journals.psychiatryonline.org/article.aspx?articleid=106958
http://www.psychiatrictimes.com/schizophrenia/cognitive-rehabilitation-schizophrenia
http://schizophreniabulletin.oxfordjournals.org/content/37/suppl_2/S80.full
http://bjp.rcpsych.org/content/190/5/421.long
http://journals.psychiatryonline.org/article.aspx?articleid=99253
Cognitive Enhancement Therapy (CET) can help people with schizophrenia or autism with cognitive ability & social skills.
http://www.cognitiveenhancementtherapy.com/
http://cetcleveland.org/
Exenatide (Byetta) & Parkinson’s
Exenatide (Byetta) may improve movement on tests better than placebo, but appears to double the risk for hospitalization for pancreatitis (inflamed pancreas) and triple the risk for pancreatic cancer, increase thyroid cancer, and these types of drugs may increase heart failure, and may cause sudden severe joint pain.
Dr. Osama Hamdy Bottom Line Person 12/15/15 p11
http://www.drugwatch.com/januvia/
https://www.drugwatch.com/tradjenta/lawsuits/
Zannad F, Cannon CP, Cushman WC, Bakris GL, Menon V, Perez AT, Fleck PR, Mehta CR, Kupfer S, Wilson C, Lam H, White WB. EXAMINE Investigators. Heart failure and mortality outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes taking alogliptin versus placebo in EXAMINE: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind trial. Lancet. 2015;385:2067–2076.
Athauda D, Maclagan K, Skene SS, et al. Exenatide once weekly versus placebo in Parkinson’s disease: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The Lancet. Published online August 3 2017
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31585-4
Parkinson’s & bladder problems
Repetitive sacral root magnetic stimulation (rSMS)
Repetitive sacral root magnetic stimulation (rSMS) is done on a nerve from the back on the spine. A temporary device is put back there for a week to see if it works to reduce incontinence. If it works, patients can have it implanted. In one study it reduced bedwetting from six nights a week to one in 22 people vs placebo group, & results held for at least a month after treatment. Five other studies found strong benefits as well.
A double-blind randomized clinical trial on the efficacy of magnetic sacral root stimulation for the treatment of Monosymptomatic Nocturnal Enuresis
Khedr, Eman et al.
DOI: 10.3233/RNN-150507
Journal: Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience, vol. 33, no. 4, pp. 435-445, 2015
http://www.news-medical.net/news/20150824/Repetitive-sacral-root-magnetic-stimulation-can-reduce-frequency-of-nighttime-bedwetting.aspx
Neurourol Urodyn. 1993;12(6):533-40.
Magnetic stimulation of the sacral roots.
Brodak PP, Bidair M, Joseph A, Szollar S, Juma S.
Neurourol Urodyn. 2004;23(3):241-5.
Does magnetic stimulation of sacral nerve roots cause contraction or suppression of the bladder?
Bycroft JA, Craggs MD, Sheriff M, Knight S, Shah PJ.
Gastroenterology Research and Practice
Volume 2013 (2013), Article ID 563294, 8 pages
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/563294
Review Article
Neurostimulation for Neurogenic Bowel Dysfunction
J. Worsøe, M. Rasmussen, P. Christensen, and K. Krogh
MAGNETIC STIMULATION OF THE SACRAL ROOTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF STRESS INCONTINENCE: AN INVESTIGATIONAL STUDY AND PLACEBO CONTROLLED TRIAL
TETSUYUKI FUJISHIRO, HIROYUKI ENOMOTO, YOSHIKAZU UGAWA, SATORU TAKAHASHI, SHOOGO UENO, TADAICHI KITAMURA
The Journal of Urology, October 2000Volume 164, Issue 4, Pages 1277–1279
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(05)67155-8
J Urol. 2016 Nov 18. pii: S0022-5347(16)31795-5. doi: 10.1016/j.juro.2016.11.091. [Epub ahead of print]
Pulsed Magnetic Stimulation for Stress Urinary Incontinence: 1-Year Followup Results.
Lim R, Liong ML, Leong WS, Karim Khan NA, Yuen KH
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2016.11.091
http://www.jurology.com/article/S0022-5347(16)31795-5/fulltext
Magnetic Stimulation of the Sacral Roots for the Treatment of Urinary Frequency and Urge Incontinence: An Investigational Study and Placebo Controlled Trial
The Journal of Urology 168(3):1036-9 · October 2002
DOI: 10.1097/01.ju.0000025868.08859.9e · Source: PubMed
Tetsuyuki Fujishiro, Satoru Takahashi, Hiroyuki Enomoto, Tadaichi Kitamura
Low Urin Tract Symptoms. 2011 Apr;3(1):10-4. doi: 10.1111/j.1757-5672.2010.00062.x.
Efficacy of High-frequency Magnetic Stimulation of the Sacral Root in Patients with Urinary Incontinence Following a Radical Prostatectomy.
Kai N, Kawajiri M, Seki N, Takano N, Kira J, Tobimatsu S, Naito S.
rSMS and stroke, Parkinson’s disease, MS, other neurologic disorders, and incomplete spinal cord injury
rSMS appears to work equally well for people with Parkinson’s, MS, other neurologic disorders, and incomplete spinal cord injury
Transl Androl Urol. 2016 Feb; 5(1): 117–126.
doi: 10.3978/j.issn.2223-4683.2015.12.01
Neuromodulation in neurogenic bladder
Melissa T. Sanford and Anne M. Suskind
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2007 Jul;197(1):96.e1-5.
Sacral nerve neuromodulation in patients with underlying neurologic disease.
Wallace PA1, Lane FL, Noblett KL.
Percutaneous/Posterior tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS)
PTNS is used to treat overactive bladder- urinary urgency, urinary frequency and urge incontinence. It may work as well as medication but with far less side effects. It is sometimes used to treat fecal incontinence, but there is low evidence for efficacy. A fine needle electrode is inserted into the leg to reach the tibial nerve to stimulate the sacral plexus with an electric pulse to help control bladder & pelvic floor function for 12 sessions, once per week, for 30 minutes. The side effects are usually temporary & from the fine needle insertion. Multiple studies appear to show efficacy in around 70% of patients.
PTNS procedure is billed CPT code 64566, “Posterior tibial neurostimulation, percutaneous needle electrode, single treatment, includes programming.”
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percutaneous_tibial_nerve_stimulation
http://professional.medtronic.com/NURO/nuro-system/index.htm
Parkinson’s & PTNS
Parkinson’s overactive bladder symptoms appear to be reduced in 70% of people using PTNS.
Posterior tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) in the treatment of LUTS secondary to Parkinson’s Disease.
Finazzi-Agrò, E., et al. (2006). Poster, SUID National Congress, Italy.
http://blog.cogentixmedical.com/health-care-professionals/products/urgent-pc/clinical-data/039a6
Kabay, S. C., Kabay, S., Yucel, M. and Ozden, H. (2009), Acute urodynamic effects of percutaneous posterior tibial nerve stimulation on neurogenic detrusor overactivity in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Neurourol. Urodyn., 28: 62–67. doi:10.1002/nau.20593
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/nau.20593/abstract
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26436213
Urology. 2016 Jan;87:76-81. doi: 10.1016/j.urology.2015.09.026. Epub 2015 Oct 5.
The Clinical and Urodynamic Results of Percutaneous Posterior Tibial Nerve Stimulation on Neurogenic Detrusor Overactivity in Patients With Parkinson’s Disease.
Kabay S, Canbaz Kabay S, Cetiner M, Mestan E, Sevim M, Ayas S, Ozden H, Ozisik Karaman H.
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation rTMS & lower urinary tract (LUT) dysfunction
rTMS uses a magnet to stimulate part of the brain to help control LUT problems. rTMS appears to be effective for LUT for people with Parkinson’s syndrome in one study.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19133657
Mov Disord. 2009 Feb 15;24(3):445-8. doi: 10.1002/mds.22434.
Effects of inhibitory rTMS on bladder function in Parkinson’s disease patients.
Brusa L1, Finazzi Agrò E, Petta F, Sciobica F, Torriero S, Lo Gerfo E, Iani C, Stanzione P, Koch G.
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Huntington’s disease
Huntington’s disease (HD) appears to be from a gene inherited from two parents (90%), or a result of a new mutation (10%). Mood & cognition can be affect first (usually between 30 & 50 years of age), then gait & coordination, with symptoms worsening until movement & speech become difficult and dementia becomes progressively worse. Accurate self assessment of ability level may be affected.
Tetrabenazine may improve some of the physical symptoms, but significantly exacerbate the mood problems.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrabenazine
Cannabidiol (CBD) for Parkinson’, Alzheimer’s, Huntington’s, & Lewy body disorder hallucinations, movement, & neuroprotection
One surprising treatment of schizophrenic hallucinations is cannabidiol (CBD), which comes from hemp (marijuana with no/trace THC). The marijuana plant evolved to cause hallucinations so animals would eat it & distribute its seeds far & wide. The compound, THC, that it evolved to cause hallucinations is often not pleasant by itself, as people who take marinol (synthesized THC) by prescription often report. So the marijuana plant evolved another cannabanoid, cannabidiol, to take the edge off the hallucinations. Turns out, when people take cannabidiol by itself, it can be a powerful anti-hallucinogen.
Marijuana itself can have low CBD because THC competes with it for the plant’s resources, and people who smoke marijuana often want higher THC than the CBD. Hemp has the most CBD as it doesn’t have to compete with THC. Hemp oil with CBD is completely legal to buy & possess in all of the USA, because if its negligible THC content. People often get confused between the legality in buying hemp products and the illegality of buying marijuana.
Some people with Parkinson’s who take CBD report a significant improvement in their movement. It also appears to be significantly neuroprotective and slow or stop neurodegeneration.
The other benefits of cannabidiol are:
Antiepileptic/anticonvulsant-it can work in people unresponsive to other drugs for uncontrolled seizures
Helps sleep in people with Parkinson’s & Lewy Body disorder
Low dose it’s alerting & high dose it’s sleep increasing
Anti-inflammatory
Anxiolytic (antianxiety)
Anti-emetic (antinausea)
Analgesic
Anticancer
Immunomodulator-improves immune action against threats & reduces auto-immune disorders
Helps against IBD and Crohn’s Disease
Neuroprotectant
Antioxidant
It may help Alzheimer’s, Parkinsons, Huntington’s, Lewy Body disorder, cerebral ischemia, brain and nerve damage from strokes.
https://www.projectcbd.org/parkinsons-disease
Effects of cannabidiol in the treatment of patients with Parkinson’s disease: an exploratory double-blind trial.
Chagas MH1, Zuardi AW, Tumas V, Pena-Pereira MA, Sobreira ET, Bergamaschi MM, dos Santos AC, Teixeira AL, Hallak JE, Crippa JA.
J Psychopharmacol. 2014 Nov;28(11):1088-98. doi: 10.1177/0269881114550355. Epub 2014 Sep 18.
Prospects for cannabinoid therapies in basal ganglia disorders.
Fernández-Ruiz J, Moreno-Martet M, Rodríguez-Cueto C, Palomo-Garo C, Gómez-Cañas M, Valdeolivas S, Guaza C, Romero J, Guzmán M, Mechoulam R, Ramos JA.
Br J Pharmacol. 2011 Aug;163(7):1365-78. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01365.x.
Evaluation of the neuroprotective effect of cannabinoids in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease: importance of antioxidant and cannabinoid receptor-independent properties.
García-Arencibia M, González S, de Lago E, Ramos JA, Mechoulam R, Fernández-Ruiz J.
Brain Res. 2007 Feb 23;1134(1):162-70. Epub 2006 Dec 28.
Cannabinoids provide neuroprotection against 6-hydroxydopamine toxicity in vivo and in vitro: relevance to Parkinson’s disease.
Lastres-Becker I, Molina-Holgado F, Ramos JA, Mechoulam R, Fernández-Ruiz J.
Neurobiol Dis. 2005 Jun-Jul;19(1-2):96-107.
Cannabidiol can improve complex sleep-related behaviours associated with rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder in Parkinson’s disease patients: a case series.
Chagas MH, Eckeli AL, Zuardi AW, Pena-Pereira MA, Sobreira-Neto MA, Sobreira ET, Camilo MR, Bergamaschi MM, Schenck CH, Hallak JE, Tumas V, Crippa JA.
J Clin Pharm Ther. 2014 Oct;39(5):564-6. doi: 10.1111/jcpt.12179. Epub 2014 May 21.
Cannabidiol for the treatment of psychosis in Parkinson’s disease.
Zuardi AW, Crippa JA, Hallak JE, Pinto JP, Chagas MH, Rodrigues GG, Dursun SM, Tumas V.
J Psychopharmacol. 2009 Nov;23(8):979-83. doi: 10.1177/0269881108096519. Epub 2008 Sep 18.
Evaluation of the neuroprotective effect of cannabinoids in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease: importance of antioxidant and cannabinoid receptor-independent properties.
García-Arencibia M, González S, de Lago E, Ramos JA, Mechoulam R, Fernández-Ruiz J.
Brain Res. 2007 Feb 23;1134(1):162-70. Epub 2006 Dec 28.
Symptom-relieving and neuroprotective effects of the phytocannabinoid Δ⁹-THCV in animal models of Parkinson’s disease.
García C, Palomo-Garo C, García-Arencibia M, Ramos J, Pertwee R, Fernández-Ruiz J.
Br J Pharmacol. 2011 Aug;163(7):1495-506. doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01278.x.
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Watch CBD Oil Transform This Former Cop With Parkinson’s in Seconds
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